This research provides a clear and grounded vision for building the Gaza Strip anew in a way that is just, sustainable and within a unified national approach (One Palestine).

The framework sets out a viable path, not by recreating a physical territory alone, but by supporting Palestinians to restore family life, communities, institutions, livelihoods and histories, anchored in their inalienable right to self-determination. The conclusions, drawn from years of Palestinian and international agency experience in responding to war, blockade and deprivation in Palestine, are straightforward: any credible recovery framework must be Palestinian-owned, rights-based, reparations-oriented, accountable and anchored in an approach that links Gaza’s recovery to the unity of the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), including the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

The report is built on the shared position of leading Palestinian institutions and community voices: Gaza’s reconstruction must be led by Palestinians themselves, rooted in accountability and not focused on physical damage in isolation. Any meaningful reconstruction must respond to the devastation of Israel’s ongoing genocide and address the deeper injustices created by decades of unlawful occupation, blockade and dispossession. True recovery requires restoring rights, dignity and long-denied opportunities, and it must bring back social cohesion, care systems and the community networks that have been devastated.

The study sets out a principled, evidence-based framework for how Gaza can be rebuilt over the next five years. It explains the full range of challenges ahead, including homes and infrastructure repair, restoration of essential services, rebuilding care systems, reconnecting communities, and creating the foundations for long term economic independence. Each part of the plan is shaped by Palestinian expertise and lived experience, offering a coherent path forward that centres Palestinian leadership, rights and sovereignty.

It will require sustained political will, principled diplomacy and a willingness by international partners to reject approaches that are administratively convenient, but legally, politically or morally untenable, including models that deepen inequality, fragmentation, dependency, external control or socioeconomic distortions.

Report by Oxfam