296. (1) Any person driving a vehicle on a public road shall do so by driving on the left side of the roadway and, where such roadway is of sufficient width, in such manner as not to encroach on that half of the roadway to his or her right: Provided that such encroachment shall be permissible--

1. where it can be done without obstructing or endangering other traffic or property which is or may be on such half and for a period and distance not longer than is necessary and prudent and provided that it is not prohibited by a road traffic sign; or
2. in compliance with a direction of a traffic officer or a road traffic sign.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply in the case of a public road which is restricted to traffic moving thereon in one direction only.

297. (1) Whenever any public road has been divided into two or more roadways by means of an intervening space or by a physical barrier or dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic, no person shall drive a vehicle upon such public road except upon the left-hand roadway, unless directed or permitted by an appropriate road traffic sign or a traffic officer to use another roadway.

(2) No person shall drive a vehicle on, over, across or within any dividing space, barrier or section referred to in subregulation (1), except through an opening in such space, barrier or section or at a cross-over or intersection: Provided that no person shall so drive through any such opening or at any such cross-over or intersection where such driving is prohibited by an appropriate road traffic sign or by a traffic officer: Provided further that the provisions of this subregulation shall not apply to a traffic officer in the performance of his or her duties.

298. (1) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (2) and (4) and regulation 296, the driver of a vehicle intending to pass any other vehicle proceeding in the same direction on a public road shall pass to the right thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive on the left side of the roadway until safely clear of the vehicle so passed: Provided that, in the circumstances as aforesaid, passing on the left of such vehicle shall be permissible if the person driving the passing vehicle can do so with safety to himself or herself and other traffic or property which is or may be on such road and--

1. the vehicle being passed is turning to its right or the driver thereof has signalled his or her intention of turning to his or her right;
2. such road is a public road in an urban area and--

1. is restricted to vehicles moving in one direction; and
2. the roadway is of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles;

3. such road is a public road in an urban area and the roadway is of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles moving in each direction;
4. the roadway of such road is restricted to vehicles moving in one direction and is divided into traffic lanes by appropriate road traffic signs; or
5. he or she is driving in compliance with the directions of a traffic officer or is driving in traffic which is under the general direction of such officer, and in accordance with such direction:

Provided further that in no event shall any passing referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d) be done by driving on the shoulders of the roadway or on the verge of the public road concerned.

(2) The driver of a vehicle shall not pass other traffic proceeding in the same direction on a public road when approaching--

1. the summit of a rise;
2. a curve; or
3. any other place

where his or her view is so restricted that any such passing could create a hazard in relation to other traffic which might approach from the opposite direction, unless--

1. he or she can do so without encroaching on the right-hand side of the roadway; or
2. the roadway of such road is restricted to vehicles moving in one direction.

(3) The driver of a vehicle on a public road shall, except in the circumstances referred to in the first proviso to subregulation (1), upon becoming aware of other traffic proceeding in the same direction and wishing to pass his or her vehicle, cause his or her vehicle to travel as near to the left edge of the roadway as is possible, without endangering himself or herself or other traffic or property on the roadway, and shall not accelerate the speed of his or her vehicle until the other vehicle has passed.

(4) When about to pass oncoming traffic, the driver of a vehicle on a public road shall ensure that the vehicle driven by him or her does not encroach on the roadway to his or her right in such manner as may obstruct or endanger such oncoming traffic.

(5) The driver of a vehicle intending to pass a stationary bus on a public road shall do so with due care for the safety of persons who are approaching or leaving or may approach or leave such bus.

298A. (1) Subject to subregulation (2) and regulation 298(1)(e), no person shall drive a motor vehicle on the shoulder of a public road.

(2) Notwithstanding subregulation (1), the driver of a motor vehicle may, during the period between sunrise and sunset, drive such motor vehicle on the shoulder of a public road which is designated for one lane of traffic in each direction--

1. while such motor vehicle is being overtaken by another vehicle; and
2. if he or she can do so without endangering himself or herself, other traffic, pedestrians or property on such public road; and
3. if persons and vehicles upon a public road are clearly discernible at a distance of at least 150 metres.

299. (1) The driver of a vehicle shall not cross a public road unless the road is clear of moving traffic for a sufficient distance to allow him or her to cross the road without obstructing or endangering any such traffic.

(2) The driver of a vehicle shall not enter a public road unless he or she can do so with safety to himself or herself and other traffic.

(3) The driver of a vehicle on a public road divided into traffic lanes by appropriate road traffic signs shall not turn from one lane into or across another lane unless he or she can do so without obstructing or endangering other traffic.

300. The driver of a vehicle on a public road who intends to stop such vehicle or suddenly reduce the speed thereof, or to turn such vehicle to the left or to the right, or to move such vehicle to the left or right on the roadway, shall give a conspicuous signal, in the manner prescribed in this Chapter, of his or her intention, visible to any person approaching him or her from the front or from the rear or from the side, and of a duration sufficient to warn any such person of his or her intention.

301. The driver of a vehicle on a public road shall, when he or she intends entering any portion of a public road which constitutes a junction of two or more public roads where vehicular traffic is required to move around a traffic island within such junction, yield the right of way to all vehicular traffic approaching from his or her right within such junction, unless his or her entry into such junction is controlled by an instruction given by a traffic officer or a direction conveyed by a road traffic sign requiring him or her to act differently.

302. (1) The driver of a vehicle on a public road who desires to turn to the left shall, having due regard to the provisions of regulation 301, before reaching the point at which he or she intends to turn, indicate, in the manner prescribed in these regulations, his or her intention to turn and shall steer his vehicle as near to the left side of the roadway on which he or she is travelling as circumstances may permit and shall make such turn with due care and merge into such traffic stream as may at the time be proceeding along, towards or into the public road into which he desires to turn.

(2) The driver of a vehicle on a public road who desires to turn to right shall, having due regard to the provisions of regulation 301, before reaching the point at which he or she intends to turn, indicate in the manner prescribed in these regulations, his or her intention to turn and shall not effect such turning unless he or she can do so without obstructing or endangering other traffic and--

1. if he or she is driving a vehicle on the roadway of a public road which roadway is intended for traffic in both directions--

1. he or she shall steer such vehicle as near as circumstances may permit to the immediate left of the middle of the roadway on which he or she is travelling; and
2. where the turn is at an intersection, he or she shall not encroach on the right half of the roadway into or out of which he or she intends to turn, except in the intersection itself, but shall in any event pass to the left of any traffic island in such intersection or comply with the direction conveyed by any appropriate road traffic sign; or

2. if he or she is driving a vehicle on a roadway of a public road where such roadway is intended for traffic in only one direction--

1. he or she shall steer such vehicle as near as circumstances permit to the right side of such roadway; and
2. where the turn is at an intersection he or she shall not encroach on the right half of the roadway into which he or she intends to turn, except in the intersection itself but shall in any event pass to the left of any traffic island in such intersection or comply with the direction conveyed by an appropriate road traffic sign: Provided that where such turn is to be made into a roadway intended for traffic in only one direction, he or she may encroach on the right half of that roadway.

303. No person may operate any vehicle on a public road while towing or drawing another vehicle save in the manner prescribed in these regulations for the towing or drawing of any vehicle by another vehicle on a public road.

304. Except in order to avoid an accident, or in compliance with a road traffic sign or with a direction given by a traffic officer, or for any cause beyond the control of the driver, no person shall stop a vehicle on the roadway of a public road--

1. alongside or opposite an excavation or obstruction on the public road if other traffic would be obstructed or endangered by such stopping;
2. within any tunnel or subway or on any bridge or within six metres of any tunnel, subway or bridge;
3. on, or within six metres from the beginning or end of, any part of such roadway where the normal width thereof has for any reason been constricted;
4. in contravention of any road traffic sign;
5. on the right-hand side of such roadway facing oncoming traffic;
6. alongside or opposite any other vehicle on such roadway where such roadway is less than nine metres wide;
7. within the railway reserve at a level crossing;
8. within nine metres of his or her approaching side of a pedestrian crossing demarcated by appropriate road traffic signs; or
9. in any other place where the stopping of a vehicle would or would be likely to constitute a danger or an obstruction to other traffic.

305. (1) No person shall park a vehicle on a public road--

1. in contravention of any road traffic sign;
2. in any place referred to in regulation 304;
3. on the same side as a fire hydrant within an area bounded by the centre-line of the roadway and lines at right angles to such centre-line one and a half metres on either side of the hydrant, if such hydrant is clearly visible to and recognizable as such by drivers of moving vehicles, or if it is indicated by an appropriate road traffic sign;
4. in any place where the vehicle would obscure any road traffic sign;
5. in such manner as to encroach upon the sidewalk, if any; or
6. in such manner as to obstruct any private or public vehicular entrance to such road.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1)(e) shall not apply to any vehicle, other than a motor vehicle, while it is being used in carrying on the business of street vendor, pedlar or hawker, unless it exceeds such maximum weight, height, length or mass as may be prescribed in these regulations.

(3) No person shall park a vehicle on any portion of the roadway (excluding the shoulders) of a public road outside an urban area or with any part of such vehicle within one metre of the edge of such roadway except in a parking place demarcated by an appropriate road traffic sign.

(4) No person shall park a vehicle on the roadway of a public road within an urban area--

1. within nine metres of the side from which he or she approaches a pedestrian crossing demarcated by appropriate road traffic signs, unless such parking is permitted by appropriate road traffic signs;
2. within five metres of any intersection unless such parking is permitted by a road traffic sign;
3. upon or over the actuating mechanism of a traffic signal;
4. (i) with the outside of any left-hand wheel thereof more than 450 millimetres within the roadway; or

2. where the public road concerned is restricted to vehicles moving in one direction and the vehicle is parked on the side of the roadway, with the outside of any right hand wheel thereof more than 450 millimetres within the roadway, unless such parking is permitted by an appropriate road traffic sign; or

5. which is less than five and a half metres wide unless the public road concerned is restricted to vehicles moving in one direction and such parking is permitted by appropriate road traffic signs.

(5) No person shall park a motor vehicle on a traffic island or in a pedestrian mall or pedestrian lane.

(6) Whenever a vehicle has been parked in contravention of any provision of the Act or any by-law made under this Act, or in contravention of or in disregard of the directions of any road traffic sign or notice board as prescribed in these regulations, such vehicle may be removed or caused to be removed and impounded by a traffic officer, and unless the vehicle has been so parked in the course of a theft thereof, the owner shall bear the costs of such removal and impoundment.

306. (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of regulations 304 and 305, the driver of a fire-fighting vehicle, a rescue vehicle or an ambulance who drives such vehicle in the execution of his or her duties, a traffic officer who drives a vehicle in the execution of his or her duties, a person who drives a vehicle while he or she is engaged in civil protection as contemplated in an ordinance made in terms of section 3 of the Civil Protection Act, 1977 (Act No. 67 of 1977), or a person who drives a vehicle while it is used in connection with the construction or maintenance of a public road or the rendering of an essential public service, may stop or park the vehicle concerned at any place where it may be necessary to do so.

(2) A vehicle stopped or parked in terms of subregulation (1) shall, while such vehicle is so stopped or parked, display the identification lamps prescribed in regulation 176.

307. The driver of a vehicle on a public road shall stop such vehicle--

1. in compliance with any direction conveyed by a road traffic sign or given by a traffic officer in uniform; or
2. at the request or on the signal of a person leading or driving any bovine animal, horse, ass, mule, sheep, goat, pig or ostrich on such road.

308. (1) No person driving or having a vehicle on a public road shall--

1. cause such vehicle to travel backwards unless it can be done in safety, or cause it to run backwards for a distance or time longer than may be necessary for the safety or reasonable convenience of any occupant of that vehicle or of other traffic on such road;
2. follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent having regard to the speed of such other vehicle and the traffic on and the condition of the roadway, or more closely than is prescribed in these regulations;
3. permit any person, animal or object to occupy any position in or on such vehicle which may prevent the driver thereof from exercising complete control over the movements of the vehicle or signalling his or her intention of stopping, slowing down or changing direction;
4. when driving such vehicle, permit any person to take hold of or interfere with the steering or operating mechanism of the vehicle;
5. when driving such vehicle, occupy such position that he or she does not have complete control over the vehicle or does not have a full view of the roadway and the traffic ahead of such vehicle.
6. allow such vehicle to remain unattended on such road without setting its brake or adopting such other method as will effectively prevent the vehicle from moving from the position in which it is left;
7. if such vehicle is parked or is stationary at the side of such road, drive the vehicle from that position unless he or she is able to do so without interfering with moving traffic approaching from any direction and with safety to himself or herself and others;
8. fail to give an immediate and absolute right of way to a vehicle sounding a device or bell in terms of section 58(3) or 60 of the Act;
9. allow any portion of his or her body to protrude beyond such vehicle while it is in motion on such road except for the purpose of giving any hand signal which he or she is required or authorised to give in terms of these regulations or unless he or she is engaged in examining or testing or parking such vehicle;
10. permit any person or animal to occupy the roof, any step or running board or any other place on top of a vehicle while such vehicle is in motion;
11. cause or allow the engine thereof to run in such manner that it emits smoke or fumes which would not be emitted if the engine were in good condition or ran in an efficient manner;
12. cause or allow the engine thereof to run while the motor vehicle is stationary and unattended;
13. negligently or willfully deposit or cause or permit to be deposited any petrol or other liquid fuel or any oil or grease or other flammable or offensive matter, ashes or other refuse, of whatever nature, from such vehicle upon or alongside such road; or
14. cause or allow the engine thereof to run while petrol or other flammable fuel is being delivered into the fuel tank of such vehicle, or cause or allow such engine to be started up before the delivery of the petrol or other flammable fuel into the fuel tank of such vehicle has been completed and the cover of such fuel tank has been replaced.

(2) No person, other than the driver, shall take hold of or interfere with the steering or operating mechanism of a vehicle while it is in motion on a public road, unless it may reasonably be inferred that the driver is no longer capable of steering or controlling such vehicle.

(3) No passenger in a vehicle on a public road shall permit any part of his or her body to protrude beyond such vehicle.

(4) No person shall enter or alight from any vehicle on a public road unless such vehicle is stationary and unless he or she can do so with safety to himself or herself and other users of the road.

(5) No person shall drive, pull or push a vehicle upon a sidewalk: Provided that the provisions of this subregulation shall not apply to a perambulator, invalid chair, baby cart or child's play vehicle.

308A. (1) No person shall drive a vehicle on a public road--

1. while holding a cellular or mobile telephone or any other communication device in one or both hands or with any other part of the body;
2. while using or operating a cellular or mobile telephone or other communication device unless such a cellular or mobile telephone or other communication device is affixed to the vehicle or is part of the fixture in the vehicle and remains so affixed while being used or operated, or is specially adapted or designed to be affixed to the person of the driver as headgear, and is so used, to enable such driver to use or operate such telephone or communication device without holding it in the manner contemplated in paragraph (a), and remains so affixed while being used or operated.

(2) Subregulation (1) does not apply to the following persons while driving in execution of their duties:

1. the driver of a fire-fighting vehicle;
2. the driver of a rescue vehicle or an ambulance;
3. a traffic officer;
4. a member of the South African Police Service and a member of a municipal police service, both as defined in section 1 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act No. 68 of 1995);
5. a member of the South African National Defence Force; and
6. any person driving a vehicle while engaged in civil protection in accordance with an ordinance made in terms of the Civil Protection Act, 1977 (Act No 67 of 1977):

Provided that he or she drives the vehicle concerned with due regard to the safety of other road users.

(3) The word "headgear" includes for the purpose of this regulation a device which is specially designed or adapted to allow the driver to use a cellular or mobile telephone or other communication device in such a manner that he or she does not hold it in one or both hands or with any other part of the body, and which is connected to the cellular or mobile telephone or other communication device, directly or indirectly, while being fitted to or attached to one or both ears of the driver.

309. (1) No person shall drive a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle on a public road unless his or her feet are resting on the front foot-rests suitable for the purpose and, where the design of such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle makes it possible to do so, he or she is seated astride on the saddle of such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle.

(2) No person shall on a public road carry a passenger on a motor cycle unless such cycle has an engine with a cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cubic centimetres and unless such passenger is seated in a side-car or astride on a pillion attached to such cycle and, in such latter event, the feet of the passenger are resting on foot-rests suitable for that purpose.

(3) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (2), not more than two persons shall ride upon a motor cycle on a public road, excluding a person riding in a side-car attached to such motor cycle.

(4) Not more than two adult persons shall be carried in a side-car attached to a motor cycle on a public road.

(5) No person or animal or object shall be carried on a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle on a public road in front of the driver thereof: Provided that an object of a non-bulky nature may be so carried if securely attached to the motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle or placed in a suitable carrier fitted thereon for that purpose and carried in such a way as not to obstruct the driver's view or prevent his or her exercising complete control over such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle.

(6) (a) Persons, other than traffic officers in the performance of their duties, driving motor cycles on a public road, shall drive in single file except in the course of overtaking another motor cycle, and two or more persons driving motor cycles shall not overtake another vehicle at the same time: Provided that where a public road is divided into traffic lanes, each such lane shall, for the purposes of this paragraph, be regarded as a public road.

2. For the purposes of paragraph (a), a motor cycle shall include a motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle.

(7) No person driving a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle on a public road or seated on such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle shall take hold of any other vehicle in motion.

(8) Any person driving a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle on a public road shall do so with at least one hand on the handlebars of such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle.

(9) Any person driving a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle on a public road shall do so in such manner that all the wheels of such motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle are in contact with the surface of the road at all times.

310. No person shall operate or permit to be operated on a public road a vehicle in such a manner as to cause any excessive noise which can be avoided by the exercise of reasonable care on his or her part.

310A. No person shall on a public road use the sounding device or hooter of a vehicle except when such use is necessary in order to comply with the provisions of these regulations or on the grounds of safety.

311. (1) No person shall ride a pedal cycle on a public road unless he or she is seated astride on the saddle of such pedal cycle.

(2) Persons riding pedal cycles on a public road shall ride in single file except in the course of overtaking another pedal cycle, and two or more persons riding pedal cycles shall not overtake another vehicle at the same time.

(3) No person riding or seated on a pedal cycle on a public road shall take hold of any other vehicle in motion.

(4) No person riding a pedal cycle on a public road shall deliberately cause such pedal cycle to swerve from side to side.

(5) No person riding a pedal cycle on a public road shall carry thereon any person, animal or object which obstructs his or her view or which prevents him or her from exercising complete control over the movements of such pedal cycle.

(6) A person riding a pedal cycle on a public road shall do so with at least one hand on the handle-bars of such pedal cycle.

(7) Whenever a portion of a public road has been set aside for use by persons riding pedal cycles, no person shall ride a pedal cycle on any other portion of such road.

(8) A person riding a pedal cycle on a public road or a portion of a public road set aside for use by persons riding pedal cycles, shall do so in such manner that all the wheels of such pedal cycle are in contact with the surface of the road at all times.

312. (1) Whenever rails laid across any public road are used for the purposes of any locomotive or other device running on rails, whether such device is drawn or propelled, no person driving or in charge of such locomotive or device shall cause or allow such locomotive or device to cross such public road unless he or she has given sufficient warning to users of such roadway of the intention to drive, draw or propel the locomotive or device across such road.

(2) No person driving or in charge of any locomotive or device mentioned in subregulation (1), shall cause or allow it to be stopped on a public road in such a manner as to obstruct or hinder traffic on such road: Provided that the provisions of this subregulation shall not apply to a locomotive or device mentioned in subregulation (1) which is temporarily stopped on a public road--

1. in compliance with an order or instruction, whether in writing or otherwise or a hand signal or any other signal in relation to the use of such locomotive or device;
2. for the purpose of loading or off-loading goods or allowing persons to board or alight at any place; or
3. for shunting purposes.

313. (1) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (2), no person shall leave or allow any bovine animal, horse, ass, mule, sheep, goat, pig or ostrich to be on any section of a public road where that section is fenced or in any other manner closed along both sides, and no person shall leave such animal in a place from where it may stray onto such section of a public road.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply--

1. to any animal which is being ridden or is being used to draw a vehicle along a public road; or
2. to any animal which is being driven from one place to another in such manner as not to constitute a source of danger or injury to any person or vehicle using such road.

(3) In any prosecution for a contravention of subregulation (1), it shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed that any animal referred to in subregulation (1) was left or allowed to be on the section of the public road or place concerned by the owner of such animal, and a section of a public road shall be regarded as fenced or enclosed along both sides even though there is an opening providing access to such road in the fence or other enclosure.

(4) No person shall drive any animal referred to in subregulation (1)--

1. along a public road during the period from sunset to sunrise, unless a person carrying a red light visible in clear weather for a distance of at least 150 metres tends such an animal or, in the case of a flock or herd of more than 10 animals, a person tending such animals and carrying a light as aforesaid precedes and another such person carrying a light as aforesaid follows such animals; or
2. along a public road during any other period, unless a person displaying in a conspicuous manner a red cloth, of not less than 300 millimetres by 300 millimetres, tends such animal or, in the case of a flock or herd of more than 10 animals, a person tending such animals and displaying a cloth as aforesaid precedes and another such person displaying a cloth as aforesaid follows such animals.

(5) A person in charge of an animal on a public road shall tend the animal in such a manner as not to constitute an obstruction or danger to other traffic.

(6) A traffic officer may take charge of any animal referred to in subregulation (1) on a public road or take such steps in respect of the animal as determined by the MEC of the province concerned.

314. (1) No person shall operate an animal-drawn vehicle on a public road unless the name and address of the owner thereof is affixed or painted in a conspicuous position on the left side of such vehicle in letters not less than 25 millimetres high: Provided that nothing herein contained shall apply in respect of a vehicle used solely for the conveyance of persons otherwise than for hire or reward.

(2) No person shall operate an animal-drawn vehicle on a public road unless the vehicle and the harness and other equipment thereof are in an efficient and safe condition.

(3) The owner of an animal-drawn vehicle shall not cause or permit such vehicle to be used on a public road by any person who is not competent whether by reason of his or her age or otherwise to drive and control such vehicle.

(4) The driver of an animal-drawn vehicle on a public road shall at all times give his or her undivided attention to the driving of the vehicle under his or her control, and if the vehicle is standing on a public road, the driver shall not cease to retain control over every animal which is still harnessed to the vehicle, unless some other person competent to do so takes charge of every such animal, or every such animal is so fastened that it cannot move from the place where it has been left.

(5) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle drawn by a team of animals not controlled by reins, unless there is a person leading the team and exercising control over such team.

(6) The driver or other person in charge of a vehicle drawn by any animal shall not, on a public road outside an urban area, permit such vehicle to follow any other vehicle similarly drawn at a distance of less than 150 metres calculated from the foremost animal of such first-mentioned vehicle, except for the purpose of overtaking a vehicle travelling at a slower speed or when a vehicle travelling at a greater speed, having overtaken such vehicle, is drawing away from it.

315. (1) Where a pedestrian crossing is situated in conjunction with a traffic signal, a pedestrian shall not enter such crossing except in accordance with the indications of such traffic signal as prescribed in these regulations.

(2) In circumstances not referred to in subregulation (1), the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way, slowing down or stopping if need be to so yield to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a pedestrian crossing when the pedestrian is upon that half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is travelling, or when the pedestrian is approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger.

(3) No pedestrian shall suddenly enter a pedestrian crossing and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield as contemplated in subregulation (2).

(4) Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a pedestrian crossing to permit pedestrians to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not pass such stopped vehicle.

316. (1) Whenever a sidewalk or footpath abuts on the roadway of a public road, a pedestrian shall not walk on such roadway except for the purpose of crossing from one side of such roadway to the other or for some other sufficient reason.

(2) A pedestrian on a public road which has no sidewalk or footpath abutting on the roadway, shall walk as near as is practicable to the edge of the roadway on his or her right-hand side so as to face oncoming traffic on such roadway, except where the presence of pedestrians on the roadway is prohibited by a prescribed road traffic sign.

(3) No pedestrian shall cross a public road without satisfying himself or herself that the roadway is sufficiently free from oncoming traffic to permit him or her to cross the road in safety.

(4) A pedestrian, when crossing a public road by means of a pedestrian crossing or in any other manner, shall not linger on such road but shall proceed with due despatch.

(5) No pedestrian on a public road shall conduct himself or herself in such a manner as to or as is likely to constitute a source of danger to himself or herself or to other traffic which is or may be on such road.

(6) A pedestrian may cross a public road only at a pedestrian crossing or an intersection or at a distance further than 50 metres from such pedestrian crossing or intersection.

317. (1) For the purposes of this regulation the expression "race or sport" includes--

1. any race, speed trial, reliability trial, hill climbing competition or sports meeting;
2. any other activity whatsoever--

1. which may constitute a source of danger to traffic; or
2. which may hamper, impede or disrupt the normal flow of traffic.

(2) No person shall organize or take part in any race or sport on a public road, unless the prior written consent of the MEC of the province concerned has been obtained or, where the race or sport will take place wholly within the area of jurisdiction of a local authority, the prior written consent of such local authority has been obtained.

(3) In granting consent in terms of subregulation (2), the MEC or the local authority concerned, as the case may be, may--

1. in addition to any requirement prescribed in these regulations, impose such further conditions as he or she or it may deem expedient;
2. exempt any person concerned with the race or sport for the duration thereof--

1. from any provision of the Act regarding any speed limit or determine another speed limit for the road concerned;
2. from any other provision of the Act or from any by-law;

3. levy fees for defraying the expenses incurred by the Provincial Administration or local authority concerned in connection with the race or sport.

(4) Any consent granted in terms of subregulation (2) may be withdrawn at any time.

318. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle forming part of a convoy of motor vehicles which are being delivered to a motor dealer or other person--

1. between the hours of 18h00 on a Friday or, in the case where such Friday is a public holiday, the Thursday immediately preceding such Friday, and 06h00 on a Monday, or in the case where such Monday is a public holiday, the Tuesday immediately succeeding such Monday; or
2. between the hours of 18h00 on the day immediately preceding Christmas Day and 06h00 on the day immediately succeeding the Day of Goodwill, to the extent to which such hours do not already fall within a period contemplated in paragraph (a).

(2) In a prosecution for a contravention of subregulation (1), it shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed that the motor vehicle concerned was in the process of being delivered to a motor dealer or other person.

319. (1) No person shall willfully or unnecessarily prevent, hinder or interrupt the free and proper passage of traffic on a public road.

(2) Subject to the provisions of the Act or any other law, no person shall place or abandon or cause to be placed or abandoned on a public road any object that may endanger or cause damage to traffic on such road.

320. (1) Any vehicle standing on a public road in a position or in circumstances which in the opinion of a traffic officer, are likely to cause danger or an obstruction to other traffic on such road, may be removed forthwith to a safer place by any such traffic officer or person or authority instructed by such officer to remove such vehicle: Provided that such traffic officer or person or authority shall, in removing such vehicle, use such device or devices as may be necessary having regard to the public safety.

(2) Any vehicle--

1. parked in a place where--

1. the stopping of a vehicle is prohibited in terms of regulation 304; or
2. a vehicle of a class to which such vehicle belongs may not be parked;

2. left for a continuous period of more than--

1. 24 hours in the same place on a public road outside an urban area;
2. seven days in the same place on a public road within an urban area; or
3. seven days on the site of any testing station; or

3. found on a public road and to which--

1. no licence number is affixed or, in the opinion of a traffic officer, a false licence number is affixed; or
2. no other number or anything else is affixed which may, in the opinion of a traffic officer, serve to identify the owner,

shall be deemed to have been abandoned by the owner and such vehicle may be removed by or on behalf of the authority having jurisdiction over the place or road concerned and such authority shall take all reasonable steps to trace the owner, and the owner shall, except in the case of a stolen vehicle, be liable to such authority for the expenses incurred--

27. in the removal of such vehicle;
54. in keeping the vehicle in custody for a period not exceeding four months; and
81. in connection with the endeavour to trace him or her,

and such authority may, subject to the provisions of subregulation (3), retain possession of such vehicle until such expenses have been paid.

(3) If--

1. such owner is traced by the authority referred to in subregulation (2) which owner fails to recover the vehicle concerned and pay the expenses referred to in that subregulation within 14 days after being requested to do so; or
2. after a lapse of one month from the date of removal contemplated in subregulation (2), the owner cannot be traced,

such vehicle or anything contained therein may be sold in the manner prescribed by any law governing the sale of movable property by such authority and, whenever possible, the authority which registered such vehicle shall be advised of such sale.

(4) The proceeds of any sale referred to in subregulation (3) shall be applied firstly to the costs of the removal, custody and sale of the vehicle concerned and all the endeavours made to trace the owner of such vehicle, and any balance shall be paid to the owner thereof upon his or her establishing his or her claim thereto: Provided that if no claim can be established within one year from the date of such sale, such balance shall be forfeited to the authority concerned.

(5) If an authority referred to in subregulation (2) is unable to sell any vehicle as contemplated in subregulation (3), it may dispose of that vehicle in any manner it deems fit, and any moneys received as a result of such disposal shall be forfeited to such authority.

(6) An authority referred to in subregulation (2) may delegate, either generally or specifically, any power conferred upon it in terms of that subregulation to any person in its employment.

(7) The reasonable exercise by any person or authority of the powers conferred by this regulation shall not render such person or authority subject to any liability in respect of the loss or theft of or damage to any vehicle or part thereof or of anything therein or thereon.

(8) Subject to the provisions of any other law, no person shall leave a vehicle in the same place on a public road for a continuous period of more than seven days.

321. No person shall on a public road:

1. cause any wheel of any vehicle to drag or spin upon the surface of the roadway, except in the case of an emergency;
2. make use of chocks or shoes between any wheel of any vehicle moving along the roadway and the surface of such roadway; or
3. use any vehicle or thing or move any vehicle or thing on the roadway in a manner causing or likely to cause damage thereto.

322. Except--

1. on or in premises zoned or demarcated for that purpose by a competent authority in terms of any law; or
2. in such circumstances and in accordance with such requirements as may be prescribed, or determined by by-law,

no person shall sell, display, offer for sale or deliver pursuant to a sale, any goods--

1. on or alongside a public road inside an urban area, within 180 metres of a railway level crossing or any road traffic sign denoting a blind corner or rise thereon or within five metres from any intersection thereon; or
2. on or alongside any public road outside an urban area:

Provided that where a provincial administration is responsible for the maintenance of a public road inside an urban area, the competent authority of such urban area shall not so zone or demarcate premises in such urban area situated alongside such a road, without the prior approval of the MEC concerned.

323. (1) No person shall operate on a freeway--

1. a vehicle drawn by an animal;
2. a pedal cycle;
3. a motor cycle having an engine with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cubic centimetres or which is propelled by electrical power or which is a vehicle as contemplated in paragraph (b) of the definition of motor vehicle in the Act;
4. a motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle;
5. a vehicle with a mass not exceeding 230 kilograms and specially designed, constructed or adapted for the use of a person suffering from a physical defect or disability; or
6. a tractor.

(2) No person shall--

1. be on a freeway on foot except--

1. within an area reserved for the stopping or parking of vehicles by an appropriate road traffic sign;
2. for a cause beyond his or her control; or
3. in the case of any person performing service in the Citizen Force as contemplated in section 21 of the Defence Act, 1957 (Act No. 44 of 1957), between the junction of an offramp and the junction of an on-ramp on the left-hand side of the roadway, unless a prescribed road traffic sign forbids the presence of such person on such freeway or junction;

2. leave or allow an animal to be on a freeway except in or on a motor vehicle or within an area reserved for the stopping or parking of vehicles by an appropriate road traffic sign, or leave an animal in a place from where it may stray onto a freeway;
3. stop a vehicle on a freeway except--

1. in compliance with a road traffic sign or a direction given by a traffic officer;
2. within an area reserved for the stopping or parking of vehicles by an appropriate road traffic sign;
3. for any cause beyond his or her control; or
4. in an area referred to in paragraph (a)(iii) for the purpose of allowing persons so performing service there to board or alight from such vehicle;

4. give a hand signal when driving a motor vehicle on a freeway except for a cause beyond his or her control.

(3) In a prosecution for a contravention of subregulation (2)(b), it shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed that an animal was left or allowed on the freeway or place concerned by the owner of such animal.

(4) The provisions of--

1. subregulation (1)(f) shall not apply to a person who operates a tractor in connection with the construction or maintenance of a freeway;
2. subregulation (2)(a) shall not apply to--

1. a traffic officer while he or she is engaged in the performance of his or her duties;
2. a person while he or she is engaged in rescue or salvage work;
3. a person while he or she is engaged in the construction or maintenance of a freeway or the rendering of an essential public service; or
4. a person while he or she is engaged in civil protection as contemplated in an ordinance made in terms of section 3 of the Civil Protection Act, 1977 (Act No. 67 of 1977); and

3. subregulation (2)(c) shall not apply to--

1. the driver of--

27. an ambulance, fire-fighting vehicle or rescue vehicle; or
54. a breakdown vehicle while he or she is engaged in the salvaging of another motor vehicle;

2. a traffic officer who drives a vehicle in the performance of his or her duties;
3. a person who drives a vehicle while it is used in connection with the construction or maintenance of a freeway or the rendering of an essential public service; or
4. a person who drives a vehicle while he or she is engaged in civil protection as contemplated in an ordinance made in terms of section 3 of the Civil Protection Act, 1977.

(5) Where the driver of a motor vehicle which is being driven in the right-hand traffic lane or in the traffic lane furthest to the right on a freeway (hereinafter referred to as the first vehicle) becomes aware that the driver of another motor vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the second vehicle) intends to overtake the first vehicle, the driver of the first vehicle shall steer that vehicle to a lane to the left of the one in which he or she is driving, without endangering himself or herself or other traffic or property on the freeway, and shall not accelerate the speed of his or her vehicle until the second vehicle has passed.

(6) For the purposes of subregulation (5) the driver of the second vehicle may make the driver of the first vehicle aware that he or she intends to overtake the first vehicle by giving the driver thereof a visible signal by means of flashing the headlights of his or her vehicle.

324. Subject to the provisions of regulations 323(2)(a) and 327, the driver of a vehicle on a public road who intends to turn to the left or move to the left shall, before reaching the point at which he or she intends to turn or move to the left, extend his or her right arm sideward from the shoulder with the forearm in a vertical and downward position and move his or her forearm in a circular anti-clockwise motion: Provided that in the case of a driver of a tractor, a two-wheel vehicle or an animal drawn vehicle, such driver may, in lieu of the hand signal aforesaid, extend his or her left arm and hand sideward from the shoulder and fully horizontal to the road with the palm of the hand turned to the front.

325. Subject to the provisions of regulations 323(2)(d) and 327, the driver of a vehicle on a public road who intends to turn to the right or move to the right shall, before reaching the point at which he or she intends to turn or move to the right, extend his or her right arm and hand sideward from the shoulder and fully horizontal to the road with the palm of the hand turned to the front.

326. (1) (a) The driver of a vehicle which is fitted with direction indicators in terms of the provisions of regulations 193 to 199 shall signal his or her intention to turn or move to the left or right by operating the direction indicator on the left or right side, as the case may be, of the vehicle.

2. The driver of a vehicle who has put a direction indicator into operation to signal his or her intention to turn or move to the left or right shall, as soon as the need to signal has passed, cease to keep such indicator in operation.

(2) The driver of a tractor or of a combination of motor vehicles of which the drawing vehicle is a tractor, may in lieu of giving the appropriate hand signal, signal his or her intention to turn to the left or to the right or move to the left or the right by extending a portable direction indicator which complies with the following requirements:

1. when in use, the indicator shall project at least 300 millimetres beyond the widest part of the vehicle or load thereon, whichever is the wider;
2. the portable direction indicator shall consist of a red fluorescent arrow of adequate rigidity, with dimensions as shown in Diagram A hereto, attached to a handle the length of which shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (a); and
3. a yellow retro-reflector complying with the definition of a retro-reflector shall be fitted to the front and back surfaces of the arrow as illustrated hereunder.

327. Subject to the provision of regulation 323(2)(d), the driver of a vehicle on a public road who intends to stop or to reduce speed suddenly shall before doing so extend his or her right arm sideward from the shoulder with the forearm held in a vertical and upward position and the palm of the hand turned to the front: Provided that the provisions of this regulation shall not apply to the driver of a vehicle fitted with a stop lamp complying with the provisions of regulation 169.

328. Subject to the provisions of regulation 323(2)(d), the driver of a vehicle may, in addition to the signals prescribed in the preceding regulations, give the following hand signals:

1. If he or she intends to slow down, he or she may extend his or her right arm sideward from the shoulder with the palm of the hand turned downward and move his or her arm slowly up and down; and
2. if he or she desires to indicate to following traffic that it may overtake his or her vehicle on the right, he or she may fully extend his or her right arm below the level of the shoulder with the palm of the hand turned forward and move it backward and forward from the shoulder.

329. (1) The signals which a traffic officer shall use for the control of traffic, are set out in the Schedule: Provided that a traffic officer is not prohibited from giving any other signal he or she may deem appropriate in the exercise of his or her powers.

(2) A traffic officer who has given a stop signal to a driver of a vehicle or a pedestrian on a public road, may lower the hand by which such signal was given or use it for giving other signals and any such driver or pedestrian shall not proceed until such officer signals to him or her to do so.

330. No person shall operate a vehicle on a public road towing another vehicle--

1. if the length of the tow-rope, chain or tow-bar between the two vehicles exceeds three and a half metres;
2. if the towed vehicle is connected to the towing vehicle in such a manner that both vehicles are not under control;
3. unless the steering gear of the vehicle being towed is controlled by a person holding a code of driving licence authorising him or her to drive the class of such vehicle, if the towed vehicle is fitted with steering gear contemplated in regulation 200(1): Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply in the case where--

1. the steerable wheels of the towed vehicle are being carried clear of the ground; or
2. the device connecting the towing vehicle to the towed vehicle is such that the steerable wheels of the towed vehicle are controlled by such device;

4. if the brakes of the towed vehicle do not comply with the provisions of regulation 155, unless the towing vehicle is connected to the towed vehicle by means of a drawbar or tow-bar;
5. at a speed in excess of 30 kilometres per hour, unless the towing vehicle is connected to the towed vehicle by means of a drawbar or a tow-bar;
6. if the towed vehicle is conveying persons at a speed in excess of 30 kilometres per hour, unless the towed vehicle is a semi-trailer; or
7. if the towing vehicle is a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or pedal cycle.

Contents Page

Chapter 11