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Environmental law – protection of environment – prohibition against undertaking identified activities without authorisation – nature and scope of the powers of environmental authorities – pre-existing activities prior to enactment of Environmental Conservation Act 73 of 1989 as well as National Environment Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) that have not been declared as identified activities not subject to the strictures of NEMA and National Environment Management Waste Act 59 of 2008 (NEM:WA) – Basic Oxygen Furnace slag that is not unwanted or rejected or abandoned not constituting waste as defined in NEM:WA – waste management licence in terms of s 49(1)(a) of NEM:WA not required in order to deal with such slag.