128. (1) An application for the registration of a testing station in terms of section 38 of the Act shall be made on form TS1 as shown in Schedule 2, and a management representative shall be identified in respect of the testing station concerned.

(2) An application as referred to in subregulation (1) shall be accompanied by acceptable identification of the applicant and of the management representative identified under subregulation (1), and such other documentation as required by the MEC concerned.

129. The requirements for registration of a testing station, are--

1. the level of technical competence required in code of practice SABS 0216 "Vehicle test station evaluation"; and
2. the manner of examination and testing of a motor vehicle at the testing station as required in code of practice SABS 047 "The testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness".

130. (1) The MEC shall, upon receipt of an application for registration of a testing station made in terms of regulation 128--

1. require from the inspectorate of testing stations to--

1. evaluate the testing station concerned according to code of practice SABS 0216 "Vehicle test station evaluation"; and
2. recommend the appropriate grading thereof in terms of regulation 132;

2. with due regard to the evaluation and recommendations of the inspectorate of testing stations, satisfy himself or herself that the testing station concerned complies with the requirements referred to in regulation 129; and
3. satisfy himself or herself that the registration of the testing station concerned has not been suspended or cancelled for a reason that is still valid.

(2) (a) If the MEC is satisfied as to the suitability of the testing station in terms of subregulation (1), he or she shall--

1. subject to the conditions he or she may deem fit, register and, in terms of regulation 132, grade such testing stations;
2. record the particulars of such testing station on the register of testing stations;
3. issue a certificate of registration on form CR as shown in Schedule 2, to such testing station; and
4. provide, upon payment of the fees as determined by the MEC of the province concerned, as many forms necessary for the certification of roadworthiness of motor vehicles as requested by a testing station, if such testing station is not under the control of a registering authority.

2. If the MEC is not satisfied as to the suitability of the testing station in terms of subregulation (1), he or she shall refuse to register such testing station, and shall notify the applicant accordingly.

(3) A certificate of registration issued in terms of subregulation (2)(a)(iii) shall be displayed in a conspicuous place where members of the public who make use of the testing station can see such certificate.

131. (1) The management representative identified in terms of regulation 128 shall, upon the change of any of the particulars submitted in terms of that regulation, notify the MEC and the inspectorate of testing stations of such change on form TS1 as shown in Schedule 2, within 14 days after such change.

(2) The MEC shall, upon receipt of a notification referred to in subregulation (1), update the register of testing stations accordingly.

132. The MEC shall, with due regard to the evaluation and recommendations of the inspectorate of testing stations grade a testing station as a grade A or grade B, as the case may be, if such testing station complies with the appropriate grading requirements when it is evaluated according to code of practice SABS 0216 "Vehicle test station evaluation": Provided that a testing station not under the control of a registering authority, or a mobile testing station, may be restricted to examine and test only--

1. vehicles owned and operated by certain persons;
2. vehicles of certain makes;
3. vehicles of certain models;
4. vehicles of certain classes;
5. vehicles with certain dimensions; or
6. such vehicles as may be determined by the inspectorate of testing stations.

133. (1) The registration of testing stations registered provisionally in terms of road traffic laws previously applicable, shall lapse upon 1 January 2000 with respect to grade B-testing stations: Provided that the MEC concerned may determine a date prior the said date.

(2) Upon the lapse of the provisional registration referred to in subregulation (1), if the requirements contemplated in regulation 129 have--

1. been fulfilled, the testing station shall be registered in terms of regulation 130(2)(a); or
2. not been fulfilled, the provisional registration of such testing station shall be cancelled in terms of section 40 of the Act.

134. (1) The MEC must, upon being notified that a registered testing station or a provisionally registered testing station does not comply with the provisions of regulation 129, or upon a recommendation as contemplated in regulation 135(1)(d), immediately request the inspectorate of testing stations to investigate such testing station.

(2) The MEC shall, in considering the suspension or cancellation of the registration of a testing station--

1. notify the management representative identified in terms of regulation 128, of the failure of such testing station to comply with the requirements of regulation 129; and
2. demand from such management representative to indicate in writing within 14 days from the date of the said notification--

1. the reason for such failure; and
2. the details of the measures that have been taken to rectify and prevent such failure.

(3) If the MEC is not satisfied with the reason or measures referred to in subregulation (2)(b), he or she shall inform the management representative and may--

1. suspend; or
2. cancel,

the registration of such testing station.

(4) If the MEC suspends or cancels the registration of a testing station, he or she shall--

1. notify such testing station of such suspension or cancellation and the reason therefor and, in the case of suspension, the period thereof; and
2. give notice in the Provincial Gazette of the suspension or cancellation referred to in paragraph (a).

(5) The management representative of a testing station, the registration of which has been cancelled, shall within 14 days after having been notified of such cancellation, submit to the MEC--

1. the certificate of registration referred to in regulation 130(2)(a)(iii) issued in respect of such testing station;
2. any certificates held but not issued by such testing station; and
3. a reconciliation of forms held and issued, and blank forms.

135. (1) The inspectorate of testing stations--

1. shall, in terms of regulation 130, evaluate a testing station as required in code of practice SABS 0216 "Vehicle test station evaluation", and make a recommendation to the MEC with respect to--

1. (i) the suitability of such testing station for registration; and
2. (ii) the grading of such testing station;

2. shall, in respect of every registered or provisionally registered testing station, conduct at least one inspection per year to monitor the standards applied at such testing station;
3. may advise any registered or provisionally registered testing station on the improvement and maintenance of testing facilities and procedures;
4. shall, when necessary, recommend to the MEC the suspension or cancellation of the registration of a testing station; and
5. may investigate the activities of a registered or provisionally registered testing station.

(2) A person who acts on behalf of the inspectorate of testing stations, may at any reasonable time, having regard to the provisions of code of practice SABS 0216 "Vehicle test station evaluation" and code of practice SABS 047 "Testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness"--

1. inspect, examine or test any motor vehicle; and
2. without prior notice--

1. enter the premises of any testing stations
2. inspect any records of the testing station referred to in subparagraph (i); and
3. question any person with regard to any matter relating to the operation of the testing station referred to in subparagraph (i).

136. (1) Subject to subregulation (2), a registered or provisionally registered testing station shall pay to the inspectorate of testing stations a fee in respect of each application for which an examination and test was done in terms of the Act by such testing station.

(2) The fee referred to in subregulation (1) shall be calculated at three percent of the fee determined by the MEC of the province concerned in respect of the transactions referred to in subregulation (1) above.

(3) The fee collected in terms of subregulation (1) shall be retained at the said testing station and paid to the inspectorate of testing stations on 1 January and 1 July of each year in respect of the examinations and tests performed during the preceding six months.

(4) The inspectorate of testing stations shall submit to the Director-General not later than 1 June of each year a statement of fees received and costs incurred by or on behalf of such inspectorate for the period 1 April to 31 March of the preceding year.

137. Subject to its conditions of registration and to regulation 132 a testing station which is a--

1. grade A-testing station is authorised to examine and test a motor vehicle of any class in terms of regulation 140 for roadworthiness; or
2. grade B-testing station is authorised to examine and test a motor vehicle of any class, except for a goods vehicle or bus the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms.

138. (1) Subject to subregulations (2) and (3), a registering authority shall not issue a licence disc in respect of a--

1. used motor vehicle of which the owner has changed;
2. otor vehicle in respect of which a notice to discontinue operation was issued as referred to in section 44 of the Act;
3. motor vehicle built up from parts by a builder who is not required to be registered as such under these regulations;
4. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 31(1), which was reconstructed or altered;
5. motor vehicle imported into the Republic by an importer who is not required to be registered as such under these regulations;
6. motor vehicle manufactured, built, modified or imported by a manufacturer, builder or importer which is not registered in terms of regulation 40(2);

   (fA) motor vehicle referred to in regulation 41(b)(ii);

7. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 142(1), which is required to have a roadworthy certificate;
8. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 8(2)(e) in respect of which the certificate referred to in that regulation does not contain the model number referred to in that regulation;
9. motor vehicle which has been found to be unroadworthy as referred to in regulation 147(6)(a); or
10. motor vehicle regarded to be unroadworthy in terms of regulation 147(7)(a) due to no reaction within 35 days after issue of a notice referred to in that regulation,

unless such motor vehicle is certified to be roadworthy as referred to in regulation 141(2), within a period of six months prior to such vehicle being licensed.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1)(a) and (g) shall not apply in respect of a--

1. motor vehicle which was stolen and of which an insurance company has after the recovery thereof become the owner in terms of an insurance policy;
2. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 6(c) which was repossessed;
3. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 21(1)(a)(ii) or 21(1)(b) to 21(1)(g), which is specially classified in respect of the payment of motor vehicle licence fees; or
4. a trailer, drawn by a tractor.

(3) The provisions of subregulation (1)(a) shall not apply in respect of--

1. a motor vehicle acquired from a deceased spouse;
2. a motor vehicle of which the owner changes due to--

1. the reconstruction of a company;
2. the amalgamation of companies;
3. the takeover of a company;
4. a scheme of arrangement in terms of section 311 to 313 of the Companies Act, 1973 (Act No. 61 of 1973);
5. the reconstruction of a close corporation,

if, in the circumstances referred to in subparagraph (i), (ii) (iii) or (iv) a board resolution or member resolution of the company who is the registered owner of such motor vehicle, as the case may be, sanctioning such reconstruction, amalgamation or takeover, or in the circumstances referred to in subparagraph (iv), the court order sanctioning such scheme of arrangement, is submitted to the registering authority concerned;

3. a motor vehicle other than a motor vehicle referred to in regulation 142(1) of which the owner has changed within six months after the date of liability for the first licensing of such motor vehicle; or
4. a motor vehicle in the case of which the branch of a business or body of persons is deemed to be the title holder or owner thereof in terms of regulation 6(a), where another branch of that business or body of persons becomes the owner or title holder.

139. (1) An application for the certification of roadworthiness as referred to in regulation 138 shall be made on form ACR as shown in Schedule 2 at an appropriately graded testing station and shall be accompanied by--

1. the acceptable identification of the applicant; and
2. the appropriate fees as determined by the MEC of the province concerned, or in the case where such testing station is not under the control of a registering authority, as determined by such testing station.

(2) On receipt of an application referred to in subregulation (1), the testing station concerned shall determine the date, time and place for the examination and testing of the motor vehicle concerned.

140. (1) An appropriately graded examiner of vehicles shall examine and test the motor vehicle referred to in regulation 139(2) as prescribed in code of practice SABS 047 "Testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness".

(2) (a) A motor vehicle presented for an examination and test shall be clean and all parts to be examined shall be free from excessive grease, oil and dirt.

2. If a motor vehicle to which regulations 273 to 283 applies is presented for an examination and test, the containment system of such motor vehicle shall be purged so that the vehicle can be safely examined and tested and re-filled with any other substance.
3. From 1 January 2000, a motor vehicle equipped with full air braking systems shall be presented for an examination and test with test connections designed in accordance with standard specification SABS 1207 "Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Specification for Braking", fitted to the front circuit and before and after any load sensing valve, and such test connections shall be in good working order.

141. (1) The examiner of vehicles shall, after the examination and testing of a motor vehicle, provide the applicant with the original form RTS as shown in Schedule 2.

(2) If the examiner of vehicles is satisfied that the motor vehicle is roadworthy and that the chassis number or engine number of the motor vehicle has not been tampered with, obliterated, mutilated or altered, the testing station shall upon payment of the appropriate fee as determined by the MEC of the province concerned, or in the case where such testing station is not under the control of a registering authority, as determined by such testing station, certify that the motor vehicle is roadworthy by--

1. in the case of a motor vehicle registered in the Republic, updating the particulars pertaining to such motor vehicle in the register of motor vehicles; or
2. issuing the applicant with form CRW, as shown in Schedule 2, in the case where the testing station concerned is unable to act in terms of paragraph (a),

and if the motor vehicle is registered in the Republic, advise the applicant that the motor vehicle is to be licensed.

(3) (a) If the chassis number or engine number of the motor vehicle referred to in subregulation (2) has, in the opinion of the examiner of vehicles, been tampered with, obliterated, mutilated or altered, the applicant referred to in subregulation (1) shall submit a South African Police Service clearance in respect of such vehicle.

2. Upon submission of the South African Police Service clearance, the testing station shall, if satisfied that the motor vehicle is roadworthy, certify the motor vehicle as roadworthy as contemplated in subregulation (2).

(4) If the examiner of vehicles is not satisfied that the motor vehicle is roadworthy, such examiner may allow the applicant, within a period fixed by him or her, but not exceeding 14 days after the date of such examination and testing, to remedy any defect in such vehicle, and if such examiner of vehicles is thereafter so satisfied, he or she shall act in terms of subregulation (2).

(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of subregulation (2), an examiner of vehicles authorised thereto in writing by the testing station concerned may, at any time before the motor vehicle, which is being or has been examined and tested for roadworthiness, is returned to the applicant, examine or re-examine such motor vehicle, and for that purpose--

1. he or she shall be deemed to be the examiner of vehicles referred to in that subregulation; and
2. any prior action taken by an examiner of vehicles in respect of such motor vehicle shall be deemed to be of no force and effect.

(6) No person shall wilfully or negligently certify that a motor vehicle is roadworthy if such motor vehicle is not roadworthy.

(7) If a person wilfully or negligently certifies that a motor vehicle is roadworthy when such motor vehicle is not roadworthy, such certification shall be null and void.

(8) No person shall remove, replace or alter the components of a motor vehicle so that the roadworthiness of such motor vehicle is affected if such motor vehicle was certified to be roadworthy, except in the normal course of maintenance or use thereof.

142. (1) A roadworthy certificate shall be required for--

1. a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms;
2. a breakdown vehicle;
3. a bus;
4. a mini-bus--

1. the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms; or
2. which is designed or adapted for the conveyance of 12 or more persons, including the driver; or

5. a motor vehicle used for the conveyance of persons for reward.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply to a--

1. motor vehicle referred to in regulation 138(2)(c) or (d);
2. motor vehicle which is operated under the authority of a motor trade number, special permit or temporary permit;
3. hearse; or
4. motor vehicle owned by the South African Police Service or South African National Defence Force and is designed for combat support and by virtue of such design, does not comply with the provisions of parts II, III, and IV of Chapter VI.

143. (1) On receipt of an application for the licensing of the motor vehicle referred to in regulation 142, the registering authority shall, if satisfied that a licence disc may be issued in respect of the motor vehicle concerned, issue a roadworthy certificate on form MVL1 as referred to in regulation 25(2)(e) in respect of such motor vehicle.

(2) Subject to section 42(5) of the Act, in the case of a motor vehicle which is not registered in the Republic, form CRW as shown in Schedule 2 issued in terms of regulation 141(2)(b) shall be deemed to be a roadworthy certificate for a period of 12 months from the date of issue thereof.

144. (1) Any roadworthy certificate issued contrary to the provisions of this Chapter shall be void.

(2) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (3) a roadworthy certificate issued in respect of a motor vehicle shall become void where such motor vehicle is altered in such a manner that--

1. the roadworthy certificate no longer correctly describes such motor vehicle; or
2. such alteration affects the terms and conditions of such certificate.

(3) The provisions of subregulation (2) shall not apply in respect of a motor vehicle of which only the engine is replaced or the colour is changed, on condition that the owner of such motor vehicle shall notify the appropriate registering authority of such change or replacement on form CNP or MVR1A as shown in Schedule 2: Provided that the MEC concerned may require a South African Police Service clearance of the motor vehicle concerned.

(4) On receipt of a notice referred to in subregulation (3), the registering authority shall--

1. update the particulars pertaining to the motor vehicle concerned in the register of motor vehicles; and
2. issue a confirmation of such update on form CNP as shown in Schedule 2.

(5) For the purposes of this regulation, "colour" means the main colour of the body of a motor vehicle, viewed from the outside and as recorded in the register of motor vehicles.

(6) In any prosecution in terms of subregulation (3) the onus of proving that the registering authority was notified, shall be on the accused.

(7) The owner of a motor vehicle, shall upon notice that the roadworthy certificate in respect of such motor vehicle is void, immediately destroy the licence disc issued in respect of such motor vehicle and return form RTS and form CRW as shown in Schedule 2, if applicable, to the testing station concerned.

(8) The testing station shall advise the registering authority in whose area of jurisdiction such testing station is situated that the roadworthy certificate is void and such registering authority may require a traffic officer or an inspector of licences to locate and inspect the motor vehicle concerned to ensure that the licence disc issued in respect of such motor vehicle has been destroyed.

145. (1) A roadworthy certificate issued in respect of a motor vehicle contemplated in regulation 142(1), shall be valid from the date of issue thereof until the date on which the licence disc issued in respect of the motor vehicle concerned becomes null and void as referred to in regulation 22.

(2) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Regulations, a motor vehicle referred to in subregulation (1), may, during a period of 21 days after the date on which liability for the licensing of such motor vehicle arose in terms of regulation 23(1), be operated on a public road while the licence number allocated to such motor vehicle and the licence disc and roadworthy certificate issued in respect of such motor vehicle prior to the date on which the motor vehicle licence and licence disc and roadworthy certificate became null and void, are displayed in the manner contemplated in regulations 35 and 36.

146. In the event of any conflict between the conditions of a roadworthy certificate and any provision of the Act, the latter shall prevail.

147. (1) An inspector of licences or a traffic officer may in terms of section 3F(a) or section 3I(a) of the Act, as the case may be, issue a notice on form NTD as shown in Schedule 2 to direct that a motor vehicle be produced at a testing station for inspection, examination or testing.

(2) The said notice shall--

1. specify the testing station to which the vehicle shall be taken, but the testing station shall either be under the control of a registering authority, or shall not be under such control, whichever the person to whom the notice is issued, prefers; and
2. indicate the period within which the vehicle shall be taken to the testing station, but such period shall not exceed 14 days.

(3) The inspector of licences or traffic officer concerned shall ensure that the particulars of the motor vehicle concerned is updated in the register of motor vehicles to the effect that a notice has been issued in terms of this regulation with respect to the vehicle and that the inspector or officer is of the opinion that the vehicle does not comply with the requirements for certification of roadworthiness.

(4) The inspector of licences or traffic officer concerned shall forward a copy of the notice to the testing station referred to in subregulation (2)(a).

(5) The motor vehicle concerned shall be taken, accompanied by the notice, to the said testing station within the period referred to in subregulation (2)(b) to have that notice revoked.

(6) The examiner of vehicles at the said testing station shall inspect, examine or test the vehicle free of charge, and shall--

1. if the vehicle is found to be unroadworthy, destroy the licence disc or licence and roadworthy certificate disc in force in respect of such vehicle, complete the notice or a copy of it, and return it to the traffic officer or inspector of licences; or
2. if the vehicle is found to be roadworthy, cancel the notice and notify the traffic officer or inspector of licences accordingly.

(7) The traffic officer or inspector of licences shall ensure that the particulars of the motor vehicle is updated in the register of motor vehicles to the effect--

1. where subregulation (6)(a) applies, or if no reaction has been received with respect to the notice for a period of 35 days from the date of issue of it, that the motor vehicle is unroadworthy; or
2. where subregulation (6)(b) applies, that the notice issued in terms of section 3F(a) or section 3I(a) of the Act, as the case may be, has been cancelled.

148. (1) A traffic officer, or examiner of vehicles acting in conjunction with a traffic officer, may in terms of section 44 of the Act issue a notice on form NTD as shown in Schedule 2, to direct that a vehicle shall not be operated on a public road or only be operated on a public road upon the conditions prescribed in subregulation (2), in which event he or she shall remove and destroy the licence disc or licence and roadworthy certificate disc of the motor vehicle.

(2) The said notice may contain conditions to the effect that the vehicle may be operated on a public road for a specified period, which may not exceed 14 days, subject to limitations with respect to speed, route or any other limitation determined by the traffic officer, or examiner of vehicles acting in conjunction with a traffic officer.

(3) The traffic officer, or examiner of vehicles acting in conjunction with a traffic officer, shall ensure that the particulars of the vehicle concerned is updated in the register of motor vehicles to the effect that a notice in terms of section 44 of the Act has been issued with respect to the vehicle, that the vehicle may not be operated on a public road and that the vehicle does not comply with the requirements for certification of roadworthiness.

(4) The motor vehicle concerned shall be taken to a testing station where the vehicle shall be dealt with in the manner contemplated in regulations 139, 140 and 141.

149. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or trailer which is not equipped with a service brake, a parking brake and an emergency brake: Provided that--

1. the emergency brake and parking brake may be one and the same brake; and
2. in the case of--

1. a motor vehicle which is equipped with a service brake consisting of two braking systems, such brake shall, when the systems brake the wheels independently, be deemed to be an emergency brake;
2. a steam or electrically driven motor vehicle of which the engine or motor can be reversed, the reversing mechanism may be used instead of an emergency brake; and
3. a tractor, the brakes may be so constructed that the service brake may be used as a parking brake.

149A. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time on or after 1 July 1990, to which is fitted an anti-theft device which is connected to or in anyway interferes with the braking system of such vehicle.

150. No person shall operate on a public road a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle which is not equipped with two independent braking systems, one of which shall act on the front wheel or wheels and the other which shall act on the rear wheel or wheels and each such system shall have an efficiency at least equivalent to that specified for an emergency brake and when the two systems are applied simultaneously, the combined efficiency shall be at least equivalent to that specified for a service brake.

151. (1) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (4), no person shall operate on a public road a trailer, if--

1. the mass of such trailer and any load thereon is 750 kilograms or less and--

1. does not exceed half of the tare of the drawing vehicle, unless such trailer is equipped with at least a parking brake or other device for keeping such trailer stationary; or
2. exceeds half of the tare of the drawing vehicle but does not exceed such tare, unless such trailer is equipped with a parking brake and either an overrun brake or a service brake;

2. the gross vehicle mass of such trailer exceeds 750 kilograms but does not exceed 3 500 kilograms and does not exceed the tare of the drawing vehicle, unless such trailer is equipped with a parking brake and either an overrun brake or a service brake; or
3. the gross vehicle mass of such trailer exceeds the tare of the drawing vehicle or 3 500 kilograms, whichever the case may be, unless such trailer is equipped with a parking brake and a service brake,

and where more than one trailer is drawn by a drawing vehicle, the foregoing requirements shall apply in respect of each such trailer, and in such event the gross vehicle mass shall be construed as the total of the gross vehicle mass of all trailers so drawn.

(2) The service brake of a trailer shall be capable of being operated by the driver of the drawing vehicle while such vehicle and drawing vehicle are in motion.

(3) If the service or overrun brake of a trailer is capable of being used as a parking brake, a separate parking brake need not be fitted to such trailer.

(4) Notwithstanding subregulation (1)(c), if a trailer referred to in that subregulation is drawn by a tractor and such tractor is not designed for or capable of operation at a speed exceeding 35 kilometres per hour on a reasonably level road, such trailer may be equipped with an overrun brake in lieu of a service brake.

152. No person shall operate on a public road any pedal cycle unless it is equipped with at least one brake which shall operate on the rear wheel or wheels.

153. No person shall operate on a public road any vehicle for which no specific braking system is prescribed in regulations 149 to 156, unless it is equipped with a parking brake or other device for keeping such vehicle stationary.

154. (1) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (2), no person shall, after 1 January 1995, operate on a public road, a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms, a mini-bus, bus or tractor which was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1986, unless the brakes fitted to such vehicle comply with the standard specification SABS 1207 "Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Specification for Braking" or the standard specification SABS 1051 "Motor Vehicle Safety Specification for Braking".

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a tractor which is not designed for, or capable of operating at a speed exceeding 35 kilometres per hour on a reasonably level road, or a trailer drawn by such tractor, which is registered for the first time on or after 1 July 1999, unless the brakes fitted to such tractor or trailer comply with the standard specification SABS 1447 "Motor Vehicle Safety Specification for Braking (motor and towed vehicles, designed for low speed or for use off public roads)" Part 1: "Tractors" and Part 2: "Trailers" or the standard specification SABS 1207 "Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Specification for Braking", or the standard specification SABS 1051 "Motor Vehicle Safety Specification for Braking".

155. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles which, in terms of these regulations is required to be equipped with--

1. a service brake, unless such brake at all times--

1. in the case of a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles which is capable of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour, when it is applied from an initial speed of 35 kilometres per hour, complies with the requirements for braking performance set out in Table A hereunder; or
2. in the case of a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles which is not capable of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour, when it is applied from the maximum speed which such vehicle or combination is capable of attaining, complies with the requirements for braking performance set out in Table B hereunder.

2. an emergency brake, unless such brake at all times--

1. in the case of a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles which is capable of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour, when it is applied from an initial speed of 35 kilometres per hour, complies with the requirements for braking performance set out in Table C hereunder; or
2. in the case of a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles which is not capable of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour when it is applied from the maximum speed which such vehicle or combination is capable of attaining, complies with the requirements for braking performance set out in Table D hereunder; or

3. a parking brake, unless such brake, at all times, is capable of keeping such vehicle or combination stationary for an indefinite period with the engine disengaged on a gradient of not more than one in 8,33.

VEHICLES NOT CAPABLE OF EXCEEDING SPEED OF 35 km/h

VEHICLES CAPABLE OF EXCEEDING SPEED OF 35 km/h

VEHICLES NOT CAPABLE OF EXCEEDING SPEED OF 35 km/h

(2) Compliance with the requirements contemplated in subregulation (1)(a) and (b) shall be determined by--

1. actual road tests conducted on a road with a reasonable level, dry, smooth and hard surface which is free from loose material and with the stopping distance measured from the moment the particular brake is applied with the engine disengaged until the vehicle comes to rest; or
2. a suitable mechanical test; or
3. both tests contemplated in paragraphs (a) and (b).

(3) When testing a brake on a combination of motor vehicles, the brakes of the drawn vehicle or vehicles shall be applied at the same moment as the brakes of the drawing vehicle.

(4) Where in any prosecution for a contravention of subregulation (1) the question arises whether a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles travelled at a particular speed, the speed indicated by the speedometer of such vehicle or combination shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be deemed to be correct.

(5) For the purposes of this regulation--

1. "light motor vehicle" means--

1. a motor-car;
2. a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3 500 kilograms; or
3. any other motor vehicle with a tare not exceeding 3 500 kilograms,

but does not include a bus, mini-bus or goods vehicle; and

2. "heavy motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle which is not a light motor vehicle.

156. (1) A brake required in terms of these regulations, shall--

1. be in good working order and condition whenever the vehicle to which it is fitted is operated on a public road; and
2. when tested in terms of regulation 155, except in the case of a motor cycle with side-car, act with approximately equal intensity on the wheels symmetrically placed in relation to the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle equipped with a service brake which is operated solely by air or vacuum pressure, unless there is fitted in the driving compartment of such vehicle a device (other than a gauge indicating pressure) whereby the driver of the vehicle is given visible or audible warning of incorrect air or vacuum pressure before the pressure becomes such that the brake is incapable of stopping the vehicle as contemplated in regulation 155.

(3) If a drawn vehicle is equipped with a service brake operated solely by air or vacuum pressure, the device referred to in subregulation (2) shall be fitted in the driving compartment of the drawing vehicle.

157. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle unless--

1. all lamps fitted to a motor vehicle as contemplated in regulations 159 to 184 inclusive, are undamaged, properly secured, and capable of being lighted at all times; and
2. the head lamps, rear lamps and number plate lamps are kept lighted during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road are not clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a motor vehicle parked off the roadway of a public road or in a parking place demarcated by appropriate road traffic signs or within a distance of 12 metres from a lighted street lamp illuminating the public road on which such vehicle is parked.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a motorcycle, a motorcycle with a side car, a motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle, unless the headlamp of such vehicle is lighted at all times: Provided that the provisions of this subregulation shall not apply to a motorcycle, motorcycle with side car, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle manufactured before 31 December 1960 which is used only during the period from sunrise to sunset.

(3) A person operating a motor vehicle on a public road shall extinguish the main-beam of the light emitted by the head lamp of such vehicle if such main-beam could cause a dangerous glare to oncoming traffic.

158. (1) Where provision is made in regulations 157 to 184, as to the distance from which certain lights and devices shall render objects visible or the distance within which such lights or devices shall be visible, such provision shall apply during the times stated in regulation 157(1)(b) in respect of a vehicle when upon a straight, reasonably level, unlighted public road in clear weather, unless a different time or condition is expressly stated.

(2) Every lamp required to be fitted or to be used in terms of any of these regulations shall emit a light of sufficient brilliance to be visible from a distance of at least 150 metres to a person of normal eyesight.

159. (1) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, a motor tricycle with one wheel in front or trailer, unless it is equipped in front on each side of its longitudinal centre-line with--

1. one head lamp capable of emitting a main-beam and a dipped-beam;
2. one head lamp capable of emitting a main-beam and one head lamp capable of emitting a dipped-beam; or
3. one head lamp contemplated in subparagraph (i) or head lamps contemplated in subparagraph (ii) and an additional head lamp capable of emitting a main-beam;

2. a motorcycle without a side-car, motor tricycle with one wheel in front, unless it is equipped in front with--

1. one head lamp capable of emitting a main-beam and a dipped-beam;
2. one head lamp capable of emitting a main-beam and one head lamp capable or emitting a dipped-beam, both of which are fitted in the same vertical plane; or
3. two headlamps, each capable of emitting a main-beam and a dipped-beam, both of which are fitted in the same horizontal plane; or

3. a motor cycle with a side-car, unless--

1. the motorcycle is equipped in front with one head lamp contemplated in paragraph (b)(i) or head lamps contemplated in paragraph (b)(ii) or (iii); and
2. the side-car is equipped with one parking lamp which complies with the provisions of regulation 164 or with one head lamp contemplated in paragraph (b)(i), subject to the proviso to regulation 161(4)(a).

(2) At least one head lamp contemplated in subregulation (1)(a) capable of emitting a dipped-beam or a parking lamp complying with the provisions of regulation 164 shall be so fitted on each side of the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle concerned that the portion of the illuminating surface thereof furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle is not more than 400 millimetres from the outer edge of the front of the motor vehicle.

(3) The main-beam and dipped-beam of a head lamp fitted to a motor vehicle first registered on or after 1 January 2002, shall comply with the requirements of standard specification SABS 1046 "Motor vehicle safety specification for lights and light signalling devices installed on motor vehicles and trailers", and standard specification SABS 1376 "Lights for motor vehicles", Part 2: "Head lights".

160. Every head lamp emitting a main-beam of light shall be so adjusted and maintained that--

1. it shall be capable of adequately illuminating an area ahead of the motor vehicle concerned enabling the driver to see any person, vehicle or substantial object at a distance of at least 100 metres ahead; and
2. it can be extinguished by the use of a device which simultaneously shall cause or allow the dipped-beam of light to be emitted or continue to be emitted from a head lamp.

161. (1) Every head lamp emitting a dipped-beam of light which, when projected onto a vertical screen, shows a beam pattern with a sharp, clearly defined cut-off line diagonal to the left (hereinafter referred to as the "diagonal cut-off line") and horizontal to the right (hereinafter referred to as the "horizontal cut-off line"), shall be so adjusted and maintained that, when the motor vehicle concerned is on a reasonably level road such beam at the horizontal cut-off line shall--

1. slant downwards at a percentage inclination of at least 0,5 per cent which percentage inclination shall be calculated in accordance with the formula--

; and

2. trike the road surface ahead of the motor vehicle within a distance in metres calculated in accordance with the formula--

200 x h₁

(2) In the formulae referred to in subregulation (1)--

1. "h₁" represents the height in metres of the head lamp measured to the centre of the head lamp vertically from ground level;
2. "h₂" represents the height in metres of the horizontal cut-off line measured vertically from ground level at the screen contemplated in subregulation (1); and
3. "L" represents the distance in metres of the screen contemplated in subregulation (1) measured horizontally from the head lamp as illustrated hereunder.

(3) Every head lamp emitting a dipped-beam of light which, when projected onto a vertical screen, shows a symmetrical light-pattern or does not have a diagonal and horizontal cut-off line, shall be so adjusted and maintained that when the motor vehicle concerned is on a reasonably level road, the centre of the intense part of such beam shall slant downwards to strike the road surface ahead of the motor vehicle within a distance not exceeding 45 metres.

(4) Every head lamp emitting a dipped-beam of light shall be so adjusted and maintained that--

1. it shall be capable of adequately illuminating an area ahead of the motor vehicle concerned enabling the driver to see any person, vehicle or substantial object at a distance of at least 45 metres ahead of the motor vehicle: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a head lamp emitting a dipped-beam of light fitted to the side-car of a motor cycle;
2. it does not cause a dangerous glare to oncoming traffic on a reasonably level road; and
3. the intersection of the diagonal and horizontal cut-off lines of a dipped-beam referred to in subregulation (1), or the centre of the intense part of a dipped beam referred to in subregulation (3), shall not deflect to the right.

161A. (1) Any motor vehicle, except a trailer, may be fitted with daytime running lamps.

(2) Daytime running lamps shall be fitted--

1. not less than 250 millimetres or more than one comma five metres above the ground level; and
2. towards the front of the motor vehicle in such a manner that the light emitted from such lamp does not cause discomfort to the driver of the motor vehicle, either directly or indirectly through any of the rear-view mirrors or any other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

(3) Daytime running lamps shall be connected in such a manner--

1. that the rear position lamps are on at the same time as the daytime running lamps; and
2. that they switch off automatically when the head lamps are switched on, except when the headlamps are used to give intermittent luminous warnings at short intervals.

162. Subject to the proviso to regulation 157(1)(b), no person shall on a public road stop or park a motor vehicle unless--

1. the head lamps thereof emit a dipped-beam of light complying with the provisions of regulation 161 or a beam of light complying with the provisions of regulation 164 is emitted from parking lamps incorporated in such head lamps; or
2. if the head lamps thereof are extinguished, light is emitted from two fog lamps or parking lamps complying with the provisions of regulation 163 or 164, respectively.

163. (1) A motor vehicle may be equipped at the front and at the rear or at the front or rear with--

1. one fog lamp; or
2. two fog lamps, one on each side of the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle which, in terms of subregulation (1) is equipped with a fog lamp or fog lamps, unless--

1. every fog lamp at the front is so adjusted and maintained that it shall only be capable of emitting a dipped-beam of light complying with the provisions of regulation 161(3) and (4); or
2. the fog lamp or lamps at the rear can only be brought into operation when any fog lamp at the front or any head lamp of such vehicle is brought into operation.

(3) No fog lamp contemplated in subregulation (1) shall be fitted--

1. at the front of a motor vehicle with the highest point of its illuminating surface above the highest point of the illuminating surface of a head lamp emitting a dipped-beam of light; or
2. at the rear of a motor vehicle with the lowest point of its illuminating surface less than 250 millimetres and the highest point thereof more than one metre from ground level.

(4) If--

1. a motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle and motor tricycle with one wheel in front, is in terms of subregulation (1)(a) equipped with one fog lamp at the front, a parking lamp or parking lamps complying with the provisions of regulation 164, shall be fitted to the motor vehicle concerned in such a manner that every parking lamp shall be brought into operation simultaneously with the fog lamp; or
2. a motor vehicle is in terms of subregulation (1)(b) equipped with two fog lamps at the front and any such lamp is so placed that the portion of its illuminating surface which is furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle, is further than 400 millimetres from the outer edge of the front of such vehicle, a parking lamp or parking lamps complying with the provisions of regulation 164 shall be fitted to the motor vehicle and in such a manner that every parking lamp shall be brought into operation simultaneously with the fog lamps.

(5) No fog lamp shall be fitted to the side-car of a motor cycle at the front, unless the motor cycle concerned is equipped with a fog lamp complying with the provisions of this regulation or with a parking lamp complying with the provisions of regulation 164 and which can be brought into operation simultaneously with the fog lamp on the side-car: Provided that if a fog lamp is only fitted to the motor cycle at the front, the side-car shall be equipped with one parking lamp referred to in regulation 159(1)(c)(ii) and such parking lamp shall be capable of being brought into operation simultaneously with such fog lamp.

(6) No person shall operate on a public road, a motor vehicle while any fog lamp fitted to such vehicle is lit, except in conditions of poor visibility caused by snow, fog, mist, dust or smoke.

164. (1) A motor vehicle may be equipped--

1. in front with one or two parking lamps which shall be visible directly from the front;
2. at the rear with one or two parking lamps which shall be visible directly from the rear; or
3. at each side with one parking lamp which shall be visible directly from the front and from the rear.

(2) Any parking lamp--

1. contemplated in subregulation (1)(a), may form part of a head lamp contemplated in regulation 159, a fog lamp contemplated in regulation 163 or a front position lamp contemplated in regulation 166; or
2. contemplated in subregulation (1)(b), may form part of a fog lamp contemplated in regulation 163, a rear lamp contemplated in regulation 168 or a stop lamp contemplated in regulation 169.

(3) If a motor vehicle is, in terms of subregulation (1), equipped at the front or at the rear with--

1. one parking lamp, such lamp shall be fitted on the right side of the motor vehicle; or
2. two parking lamps, one parking lamp shall be fitted on each side of the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle,

so that the portion of the illuminating surface thereof furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle is not further than 400 millimetre from the outer-edge of the front or rear of the motor vehicle, as the case may be: Provided that in the case of a motor vehicle registered prior to 1 July 1990 the portion of illuminating surface of the parking lamp furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle may be not further than 500 millimetres from the outer-edge of the front or rear of the motor vehicle.

165. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle if on any side of the longitudinal centre-line thereof no head lamp in use is so placed that the portion of its illuminating surface furthest from such centre-line is within 400 millimetres from the outer-edge of the front of the vehicle, unless a parking lamp fitted to that side of the vehicle and complying with regulation 164 is kept lighted.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle of which only the parking lamps are lighted while such vehicle is in motion.

166. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles, other than a motor cycle, if any of the outer edges of the widest part of such vehicle or combination or any load thereon projects more than 400 millimetres beyond the illuminating surface of any outermost lamp to the front of such vehicle or combination of motor vehicles which is nearest to such edge, unless there is fitted on each side of such widest part one front-position lamp which shall be visible directly from the front.

(2) The front position lamps contemplated in subregulation (1)--

1. shall be fitted as near as possible to, but not more than 400 millimetres, or in the case of a trailer, converter dolly or adapter dolly not more than 150 millimetres, from the outer-edges of the widest part of the motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles concerned or any load thereon, and shall not be less than 350 millimetres or more than two comma one metres above the ground level: Provided that a motor vehicle first registered prior to 1 January 1985 may have such lamps fitted less than 350 millimetres above the ground but such lamps shall be fitted as high as possible; and
2. shall emit a white light.

167. (1) A motor vehicle may be equipped--

1. in front on each side of its longitudinal centre-line with one end-outline-marker lamp which shall be visible directly from the front; and
2. at the rear on each side of its longitudinal centre-line with one end-outline-marker lamp which shall be visible directly from the rear.

(2) The end-outline-marker lamps contemplated in subregulation (1)--

1. shall be fitted as near as possible to the outer-edges of the front and rear of the motor vehicle concerned and as high as possible; and
2. shall emit a white light to the front and a red light to the rear.

168. (1) No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public road, excluding a motor vehicle which was first registered before 1 January 1981, a motor cycle or a motor tricycle, unless such motor vehicle is fitted with at least one lamp on each side at the rear--

1. emitting a red light to the rear with a minimum intensity of two candelas;
2. positioned not further than 400 millimetres from the outer edges of the widest part of such motor vehicle; and
3. positioned not lower than 350 millimetres or higher than one and a half metres above ground level, but if it is not practical or impossible due to the structure of the vehicle to position such lamps within one and a half metres above ground level, not higher than two comma one metres above ground level.

(2) A motor vehicle which was first registered before 1 January 1981 may be fitted with such lamps in such positions as are prescribed in subregulation (1), but shall be fitted with at least one lamp at the rear, emitting a red light to the rear with a minimum intensity of two candelas, positioned in the centre or to the right of the longitudinal centre-line of such vehicle, not lower than 300 millimetres and not higher than two comma one metres above ground level.

(3) No person shall operate a motor cycle or a motor tricycle on a public road unless such motor cycle or motor tricycle is fitted with such a lamp in such a position at the rear as prescribed in subregulation (2).

(4) Rear lamps fitted to motor vehicles in addition to those prescribed in this regulation may be fitted higher than two comma one metres above ground level.

(5) A motor vehicle which is towed by a breakdown vehicle shall be fitted with a separate temporary set of rear lamps while such motor vehicle is being towed.

169. (1) No person shall operate a motor vehicle, other than a trailer drawn by a tractor or a tractor, on a public road unless it is fitted with at least one stop lamp on each side at the rear of the motor vehicle, and in the case of a motor cycle one stop lamp at the rear, which shall--

1. be visible from the rear and shall be unobscured within angles of--

1. 45 degrees measured across the width of the motor vehicle on either side of a line parallel to the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle and passing through the centre-line of each stop lamp; and
2. 15 degrees measured vertically on either side of a horizontal line parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the motor vehicle and passing through the centre-line of each stop lamp but if the height of the stop lamp above ground level is less than 750 millimetres, such angles, measured below such horizontal line, may be reduced to five degrees;

2. be fitted at a height of not less than 300 millimetres and not more than two comma one metres above ground level, measured to the centre of the lamp: Provided that additional stop lamps may be fitted above two comma one metres;
3. be fitted equidistant from, and on each side of, the longitudinal centre-line of such motor vehicle;
4. when in use, emit light the colour of which shall be red and the intensity of which shall be greater than that of the light emitted by the rear lamp on the motor vehicle and shall be visible in normal sunlight at a distance of not less than 30 metres to a person of normal eyesight;
5. be so connected that, if the motor vehicle is in motion, such lamp shall come into operation as soon as the operating device of the service brake or similar brake of the motor vehicle or, in the case of a combination of motor vehicles, of the drawing vehicle, is activated; and
6. be maintained in a clean condition and in good working order.

(2) A motor vehicle which is being towed by a breakdown vehicle shall be fitted with a separate temporary set of stop lamps which is coordinated with the working of the stop lamps of the breakdown vehicle while such motor vehicle is so towed.

(3) A stop lamp complying with the provisions of subregulation (1) may be incorporated in a rear lamp fitted to a motor vehicle in terms of regulation 168.

170. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, other than a tractor, unless it is fitted with at least one number-plate lamp at the rear, illuminating the number plate or identification card by means of a white light which shall make every letter and figure of such plate or card plainly distinguishable from a distance of at least 20 metres by a person of normal eyesight: Provided that a number plate lamp need not be kept lighted on a motor vehicle parked on a public road.

(2) The beam of light of a number-plate lamp shall not be directed to the rear.

171. (1) A motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles may, but a breakdown vehicle shall, be fitted with side-marker lamps along each side which, when in operation, shall emit a diffused yellow light: Provided that the side marker lamp furthest forward on the motor vehicle, combination of motor vehicles or breakdown vehicle, when in operation, may emit a diffused white or amber light: Provided further that the rearmost side-marker lamp on a motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles or breakdown vehicle, when in operation, may emit a diffused red or amber light.

(2) Such side-marker lamps shall be so placed that--

1. there is a lamp within 400 millimetres of each end of the body of each vehicle;
2. the distance between successive lamps on any motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles is not more than three comma six metres;
3. they are not less than 300 millimetres from the ground; and
4. they face directly outwards from the side to which they are fitted in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle to which they are fitted.

172. A lamp emitting a diffused light may be provided on any motor vehicle for the purpose of illuminating the interior, including the instrument panel thereof, or any entrance thereto.

173. (1) A lamp illuminating a notice relating to the destination of a motor vehicle or its availability for hire may be fitted to any motor vehicle.

(2) A lamp illuminating a notice or token indicating the use of a motor vehicle as an ambulance, blood transfusion service, fire-fighting, police, traffic-control vehicle or a patrol service vehicle of the Automobile Association, may be fitted to such vehicle.

174. A lamp, other than a spot lamp, may be fitted to a motor vehicle taking part in a procession for the purpose of decorating it.

175. (1) A motor vehicle may be fitted with a reversing lamp emitting a white light, which illuminates the road to the rear of, or under the vehicle.

(2) Such a lamp shall be under the direct control of the driver and shall be either so fitted as to operate only when the motor vehicle is placed in reverse gear or be connected with a device by which the driver shall be made aware that the lamp is in operation.

(3) Not more than two such lamps shall be fitted to a vehicle and no light shall be emitted therefrom except when the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse.

176. (1) A bus or a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms, and which is not a motor vehicle referred to in subregulation (2), (3) or (5), may be fitted above the windscreen with two or more identification lamps and each such lamp shall--

1. not exceed a capacity of 21 Watts;
2. be visible from directly in front of the motor vehicle to which it is fitted; and
3. emit a green or amber light.

(2) An ambulance, fire-fighting or rescue vehicle may be fitted with a lamp or lamps emitting an intermittently-flashing red light in any direction.

(3) (a) Subject to paragraph (b), no person shall operate a motor vehicle fitted with, or in or on which is displayed, a lamp or lamps emitting a blue light or capable of emitting a blue light.

2. The provisions of paragraph (a) does not apply to a motor vehicle operated by a member of the Service or a member of a municipal police service, both as defined in section 1 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act No. 68 of 1995), or a traffic officer, or a member of the South African Defence Force authorised in terms of section 87(1)(g) of the Defence Act, 1957 (Act No. 44 of 1957) to perform police functions, in the execution of his or her duties.
3. A motor vehicle referred to in paragraph (b) may be fitted with a lamp or lamps emitting an intermittently-flashing--

1. blue light;
2. blue and amber light;
3. blue and red light; or
4. blue, amber and red light,

in any direction which may, at the will of the driver, display the word "stop".

(4) A motor vehicle which is--

1. a vehicle employed in connection with the maintenance of public road;
2. engaged in the distribution and supply of electricity;
3. engaged in the supply of other essential public services;
4. operated in terms of the authority granted by the MEC in terms of section 81 of the Act;
5. a breakdown vehicle;
6. a refuse compactor vehicle;
7. a vehicle carrying an abnormal load and the vehicle escorting it if any,

may, but a breakdown vehicle shall, be fitted with a lamp or lamps capable of emitting an intermittently-flashing amber light in any direction: Provided that such lamp shall only be used at the place where the breakdown occurred, where the maintenance or other work or an inspection is being carried out, when such breakdown vehicle is towing a motor vehicle, or in the event of a vehicle carrying an abnormal load.

(5) A motor vehicle used by a medical practitioner may be fitted above the windscreen with one lamp emitting an intermittently flashing red light in any direction: Provided that such light may only be used by such medical practitioner in the bona fide exercise of his or her profession.

(6) A vehicle driven by a person while he or she is engaged in civil protection as contemplated in section 3 of the Civil Protection Act, 1977 (Act No. 67 of 1977), may be fitted with a lamp or lamps emitting an intermittently-flashing green light in any direction.

177. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle if it is fitted with a spot lamp, which can be so adjusted as to enable a beam of light emitted therefrom to be deflected in any direction: Provided that a spot lamp which is adjustable--

1. may be fitted and used for official purposes on any ambulance, rescue-, fire-fighting-, police-, or traffic-control vehicle;
2. may be fitted to a vehicle owned by a medical practitioner or veterinarian, and used in the execution of such person's professional duties; or
3. may be fitted to a breakdown vehicle or a vehicle employed in connection with the supply of electricity or other public essential services: Provided that it is used solely at the scene of an accident or breakdown or for the examination of overhead telephone, telegraph or power lines.

178. (1) A pedal cycle may be fitted in front with a lamp emitting a white light, the intense part of the beam of which shall, when such pedal cycle is on a reasonably level road, strike the surface ahead of such pedal cycle at a distance of not less than three metres and not more than 30 metres.

(2) A pedal cycle may be fitted with one or more lamps emitting a red light directly to the rear.

179. (1) Subject to subregulation (2), no person shall operate on a public road an animal drawn vehicle unless it is fitted in front on both sides of the body thereof, with lamps emitting a white light forward, and at the rear on both sides of the body thereof, with lamps emitting a red light to the rear: Provided that in the case of a vehicle drawn by animals not controlled by reins, there shall be a person who leads the animals while he or she is carrying a lamp which emits a white light forward at the head of the foremost animal, in lieu of the lamps emitting a white light forward and a red light to the rear.

(2) The provisions of this regulation shall only apply if the vehicle referred to in subregulation (1) is used between sunset and sunrise and any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road are not clearly visible at a distance of 150 metres.

180. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle, other than a perambulator, baby cart or child's play vehicle, and which is not elsewhere provided for in regulations 157 to 184, between sunset and sunrise and any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road are not clearly visible at a distance of 150 metres--

1. unless it is fitted in front on both sides of the body thereof, with lamps emitting a white light forward; and
2. unless it is fitted at the rear on the extreme right side of the body thereof, with a lamp emitting a red light to the rear.

(2) A lamp contemplated in subregulation (1)(a) shall emit a beam of light of sufficient power to illuminate the roadway immediately ahead of such vehicle but shall not be of such power or design or so fitted as to cause a dangerous glare to oncoming traffic on a reasonably level road.

181. (1) Subject to the provisions of regulation 170(1), 171(1), 172, 175 or 176, no person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle which is fitted with or carries on it a lamp which--

1. except in the case of a brake anti-lock warning light to the front of a trailer, emits a light which is not white, amber or yellow in colour towards the front;
2. emits a light which is not yellow or amber in colour towards either side of the motor vehicle; or
3. except in the case of a direction indicator or reversing lamp complying with the provisions of these regulations, emits a light which is not red in colour towards the rear.

(2) When two or more lamps of the same class emitting light in the same direction are fitted to a vehicle they shall emit light of the same colour.

182. Every lamp fitted to a vehicle, other than the head lamps of a motor vehicle, the front lamp of a pedal cycle, spot lamp and fog lamp, shall emit diffused light when in operation on a public road.

183. Unless otherwise provided elsewhere in these regulations, a lamp fitted to any vehicle shall emit a steady light when in operation: Provided that an ambulance, rescue vehicle, fire-fighting vehicle, a motor vehicle operated by a traffic officer in the execution of his or her duties, or a motor vehicle operated by a member of the Service or a member of a municipal police service, both as defined in section 1 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act No. 68 of 1995) in the execution of his or her duties, may be equipped with a device which enables the driver of such vehicle to operate the vehicle's head lamps in such a manner that they flash intermittently.

184. (1) The head lamps of a motor vehicle shall be fitted--

1. at a height of not less than 450 millimetres and not more than one comma four metres above ground level, measured to the centre of the lamp; and
2. not more than 500 millimetres behind the front-end of the vehicle.

(2) The head lamps and fog lamps of a motor vehicle shall, unless the design of the lamps incorporates some other means of preventing a dangerous glare to oncoming traffic, not be fitted with lenses of clear glass or other like material.

(3) When two or more of the same lamps are fitted to a vehicle they shall--

1. be placed symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle; and
2. except in the case of side marker lamps and direction-indicator lamps, be so placed that any lamp on the side of the vehicle concerned shall have a corresponding lamp at the same height on the other side of such vehicle.

(4) Every lamp required to be fitted to a vehicle shall be securely fixed.

(5) The lens and reflector of every lamp required to be fitted to or used in connection with any vehicle shall be maintained in an effective and reasonably clean condition.

(6) No lamp required to be fitted to or displayed in connection with a vehicle shall be totally or partially obscured by any fitting or object on the vehicle.

185. No lamp other than a lamp prescribed or authorised in terms of these regulations shall at any time be fitted to any vehicle operated on a public road.

186. (1) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a trailer;
2. rickshaw; or
3. animal-drawn vehicle,

unless there are fitted, on the front of such vehicle at the same height, two white retro-reflectors, one on each side of the longitudinal centre-line thereof and equidistant therefrom and otherwise complying with the provisions of these regulations.

(2) A white retro-reflector--

1. may be fitted to a motor vehicle, other than a trailer, in the manner contemplated in subregulation (1) and such retro-reflector shall be so placed that the portion of its reflective surface furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle is not further than 400 millimetres from the outer edge of the widest portion of the vehicle; and
2. if fitted to any vehicle not provided for in paragraph (a), shall be so placed that the portion of its reflective surface furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle is not further than 150 millimetres from the outer edge of the widest portion of the vehicle.

(3) No person shall operate a pedal cycle on a public road unless there is fitted on the front of such cycle a white retro-reflector complying with the provisions of regulations 189 and 192.

187. (1) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle without side-car or motor tricycle with one wheel at the rear;
2. rickshaw; or
3. animal-drawn vehicle,

unless there are fitted on the rear of such vehicle at the same height two red retro-reflectors, one on each side, of the longitudinal centre-line thereof and equidistant therefrom and otherwise complying with the provisions of these regulations: Provided that in the case of a combination of motor vehicles, both the drawing vehicle and the rearmost vehicle shall be fitted with such retro-reflectors.

(2) Each retro-reflector referred to in subregulation (1) shall be so placed that the portion of its reflective surface furthest from the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle is not further than 400 millimetres from the outer edge of the widest part of the vehicle.

(3) No person shall operate any motor cycle without side-car or motor tricycle with one wheel at the rear on a public road unless there is fitted on the rear of such vehicle a red retro-reflector complying with the provisions of these regulations.

(4) No person shall operate a pedal cycle on a public road unless there is fitted on the rear of such cycle a red retro-reflector complying with the provisions of regulations 189 and 192.

188. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles, if the overall length of such vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds seven metres, unless they are fitted with, on each side of such vehicle, or on each side of every motor vehicle in such combination of vehicles, as the case may be--

1. one yellow retro-reflector--

1. within three metres of the front of such vehicle or combination of vehicles;
2. within one metre of the back of such vehicle or combination of vehicles; and
3. in the case of a combination of motor vehicles, of which a trailer, other than a semi-trailer, forms a part, within three metres of the front of the trailer; and

2. so many additional yellow retro-reflectors as may be necessary to ensure that no two successive yellow retro-reflectors on any side are more than three comma six metres apart,

complying with the provisions of regulations 189 and 192: Provided that--

1. yellow retro-reflectors need not be fitted to a bus or minibus which is not a school bus, including such a bus or minibus which forms part of a combination of motor vehicles;
2. in the case of a combination of motor vehicles where the drawing vehicle is a motor car, yellow retro-reflector need not be fitted to such drawing vehicle; and
3. in the case of a combination of motor vehicles where the drawing vehicle is a motor car, bus or mini-bus which is not a school bus, the front of such combination shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (i), be deemed to be the front of the vehicle immediately following such drawing vehicle.

189. (1) Every retro-reflector required to be fitted to a vehicle or load in terms of these regulations shall--

1. not be lower than 300 millimetres and not higher than one comma five metres from ground level, measured to the centre of the retro-reflector: Provided that if, due to the design of the vehicle, it is impossible to fit retro-reflectors on the sides of the body of such vehicle at the prescribed height, the retro-reflectors shall be fitted as near as possible to such height;
2. if it is a--

1. white retro-reflector, be in a vertical position and face squarely to the front;
2. red retro-reflector, be in a vertical position and face squarely to the back; and
3. yellow retro-reflector, be in a vertical position and face squarely to the side,

but, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these regulation, a motor vehicle manufactured, built or imported by a registered manufacturer, builder or importer may have a red retro-reflector fitted at the side towards the rear of such motor vehicle.

3. be clean and in good condition and not be obscured to the extent that it will be rendered ineffective; and
4. not be fitted to any movable part of the vehicle: Provided that this provision shall not apply to a warning sign contemplated in regulation 191(2)(a).

(2) If due to the design of the vehicle it is not possible to fit a retro-reflector in the prescribed position, it may be fitted as close as possible to the prescribed position.

190. If it is impossible to fit retro-reflectors on the body of a vehicle to comply with the requirements of both regulations 187(2) and 189(1)(a), two red retro-reflectors shall be fitted to the rear of such vehicle in the manner contemplated in regulation 187(2) as low as possible on the body of such vehicle and two additional red retro-reflectors shall be fitted on the rear of the vehicle on the underframe thereof at the height contemplated in regulation 189(1)(a) as far apart as such underframe will permit.

191. (1) For the purposes of this regulation the expression "motor vehicle" shall not include a motor vehicle propelled by electrical power derived from overhead wires, motor car, motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle, tractor, or any other motor vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which does not exceed 3 500 kg and which is not a trailer.

(2) Subject to subregulation (3), no person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle unless there is fitted at the rear of such vehicle a warning sign which--

1. is a chevron sign which complies with the requirements referred to in standard specification SABS 1329 "Retro-reflective and Fluorescent Warning Signs for Road Vehicles", Part 4 "Retro-reflective chevron-signs" and Part 5 "Retro-reflective chevron decals";
2. bears a certification mark;
3. notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), from 1 January 2001 incorporates both retro-reflective red and retro-reflective yellow chevron strips.

(3) (a) If the design or construction of any motor vehicle does not allow a chevron to be fitted thereto such chevron may be cut into sections to avoid the interference of protrusions, or its edges may be trimmed to permit fitment to the contour of the vehicle or its equipment, but the chevron pattern shall be substantially maintained.

2. If the design or construction of any motor vehicle does not allow a modified chevron to be fitted thereto as contemplated in paragraph (a), at least 11 retro-reflectors shall be fitted to such motor vehicle as shown in diagram A below, and in the case of a trailer the gross vehicle mass of which does not exceed 3 500 kg, at least seven retro-reflectors shall be fitted to such trailer as illustrated in diagram B below.

(4) Every warning sign required in terms of this regulation, to be displayed on a motor vehicle or on a trailer referred to in subregulation (2), shall--

1. be in an upright position or within 15 degrees of such position and face squarely to the rear;
2. be so placed that the lower edge thereof is not more than one comma one metres above ground level: Provided that if, owing to the structure of the vehicle, it is impossible to fit the warning sign at the prescribed height, it shall be fitted as near as possible to such height;
3. extend horizontally for such distance as is necessary to indicate the overall width of the vehicle to which it is fitted to within 400 millimetres of either side: Provided that these provisions shall not be applied to any chevron fitted in addition to the requirements of this regulation; and
4. be clean and in good condition and not be obscured to the extent that it will be rendered ineffective.

192. (1) Subject to subregulation (2), no person shall operate on a public road a vehicle whilst a reflector or reflective material fitted to such vehicle does not reflect a--

1. white colour to the front of such vehicle;
2. red colour to the rear of such vehicle;
3. yellow colour to the side of such vehicle,

but, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these regulations, a motor vehicle manufactured, built or imported by a registered manufacturer, builder or importer may have a red retro-reflector fitted at the side towards the rear of such motor vehicle.

(2) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply in respect of--

1. an ambulance, rescue vehicle, police vehicle, a vehicle driven by a traffic officer in the execution of his or her duties and a fire-fighting vehicle;
2. a number plate;
3. a warning sign referred to in regulation 191;
4. direction indicators referred to in regulation 326;
5. a sign referred to in regulation 293(2) or 295(2); and
6. retro-reflective material as contemplated in regulation 192A.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subregulation (1) the pedals, pedal arms or spokes of a pedal cycle shall, if such cycle is operated on a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road are not clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres, be fitted with yellow or white reflectors or reflective material.

192A. (1) The sides and rear of a goods vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 10 000 kg and which is licenced for the first time on or after 1 July 1999, shall be fitted, and all vehicles may be fitted, with side and rear retro-reflective material in accordance with standard specification SABS ECE R104 "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of retro-reflective markings for heavy and long vehicles and their trailers", but--

1. any rear underrun protection device shall be fitted along its length with a rear retro-reflective marking strip;
2. application for (paragraph 3 of SABS ECE R104), and approval of (paragraph 5 of SABS ECE R104), any retro-reflective marking material is not required under these regulations, but the letter "C" indicating contour or strip marking as referred to in paragraph 5.4.3.1 of SABS ECE R104, shall be brought onto the retro-reflective marking material;
3. advertising, consisting of retro-reflective logos, distinctive markings or letters or characters may be used if--

1. it complies with the requirements of the said standard specification; and
2. it is used in conjunction with contour marking, excluding marking strips, which denotes the manufacturer concerned;

4. the side and rear retro-reflective material shall be yellow.

(2) The sides and rear of a goods vehicle which was licenced for the first time before 1 July 1999 the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 10 000 kg, shall be fitted with side and rear retro-reflective material in accordance with subregulation (1), on and after 1 January 2001.

193. (1) No person shall operate on a public road any motor vehicle, other than a tractor or a trailer drawn by a tractor, unless it is equipped on both sides with either the flasher type or illuminated window-type direction indicators which comply with the provisions of regulation 194 or 195, whichever the case may be: Provided that where a motor vehicle forms part of a combination of motor vehicles and a direction indicator with which such motor vehicle is required to be equipped is obscured by any trailer forming part of such combination, the trailer shall, subject to the provisions of regulation 197, be deemed to be part of such motor vehicle.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply in respect of--

1. a motor cycle which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time before 1 July 1976; or
2. any motor vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof, is older than 40 years.

194. Direction indicators of the flasher type shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Each indicator shall incorporate a lamp or lamps;
2. when in use such lamp shall show an intermittently-flashing light of such intensity that it is clearly visible in normal daylight at a distance of not less than 30 metres to a person of normal eye-sight;
3. the indicators shall be equidistant from the longitudinal centre-line of the motor vehicle and as near as possible to, but not more than 500 millimetres from, the outer edge of the front or rear of the motor vehicle;
4. subject to the provisions of paragraph (e), the indicators shall be so mounted that they are visible from the--

1. rear, anywhere within an angle of 15 degrees inside and 45 degrees outside; and
2. front, anywhere within an angle of 45 degrees outside, of a line which is parallel to the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle and which passes through the centre of the illuminated area of the indicator;

5. where it is not possible to comply with the provisions of paragraph (d) in the case of a single indicator on any one side, one indicator shall be mounted towards the front and one towards the rear so that one shall be visible from the front and the other from the rear of the vehicle to which it is fitted within the limits prescribed by that paragraph;
6. where any indicator is combined with or mounted within 150 millimetres of any lamp, the intensity of the light emitted from the indicator shall be greater than that from such lamp; and
7. the indicator lamps when in use shall emit white, yellow or amber light to the front, and yellow, amber or red light to the rear and any one indicator may emit light towards the front and the rear simultaneously or emit light only to the front or only to the rear according to its position on the vehicle.

195. Direction indicators of the illuminated window type shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Each indicator shall incorporate a lamp which, when in operation, shall emit a red, yellow or amber light to the rear and of such intensity that it is clearly visible in normal daylight at a distance of not less than 30 metres to a person of normal eyesight;
2. the indicator shall be at least 150 millimetres long, 25 millimetres wide and arrow-shaped; and
3. the indicator shall be fitted to the rear of the vehicle.

196. Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations, the fitting of two direction indicators of one of the types referred to in regulations 194 and 195 on the front half of a vehicle and two direction indicators of another type referred to in the said regulations on the rear half of such vehicle shall be permitted.

197. (1) No person shall operate on a public road any motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles of an overall length in excess of seven comma six metres unless it is equipped on both sides towards the front and towards the rear with the flasher type or illuminated window-type direction indicators which complies with the provisions of regulation 194 or 195, whatever the case may be.

(2) The direction indicators towards the rear referred to in subregulation (1) shall, unless they are the flasher type direction indicators, be--

1. within 600 millimetres of the rear end of the vehicle; or
2. in the case of a combination of motor vehicles, within 600 millimetres of the rear end of the last vehicle of such combination.

(3) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply in respect of a tractor or a combination of motor vehicles the drawing vehicle of which is a tractor.

198. (1) Direction indicators shall be fitted at a height of not less than 450 millimetres and not more than two comma one metres above ground level and shall be unobscured when in use: Provided that--

1. in respect of any flasher type direction indicator no minimum height shall apply; and
2. a flasher type direction indicator fitted on the side of a motor vehicle shall not be more than two comma three metres above ground level.

(2) If lamps are incorporated in direction indicators, the lamps showing to the front shall be located on the same level and the lamps showing to the rear shall be located on the same level.

(3) Unless the direction indicators are so fitted that they are directly or by reflection visible to the driver of the vehicle concerned when the driver is in the driving position, a device shall be provided whereby the driver shall be given visible or audible warning when the indicators are in operation.

(4) The direction indicators shall be so fitted that the indicators on one side can be operated separately from those on the other side.

(5) (a) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, unless it is fitted with a separate switch to operate all the direction indicators simultaneously.

2. The provisions of paragraph (a) shall not apply to--

1. a tractor;
2. a trailer;
3. a motor cycle;
4. a motor tricycle;
5. a motor quadrucycle; or
6. any motor vehicle which according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time before 1 January 1986.

(6) (a) The driver of a motor vehicle fitted with a separate switch to operate all the direction indicators simultaneously, shall put into operation simultaneously all the direction indicators fitted to such vehicle, when the vehicle is--

1. stationary in a hazardous position; or
2. in motion in an emergency situation.

2. The driver of a motor vehicle shall not put into operation simultaneously all the direction indicators fitted to such motor vehicle in a circumstance other than those referred to in paragraph (a).

(7) If more than one direction indicator is fitted to indicate any one turning movement all such indicators shall be inter-connected so as to operate simultaneously.

(8) Direction indicators shall be maintained in good working order.

(9) All lamps of direction indicators shall, when in use, emit diffused light.

(10) A motor vehicle which is being towed by a breakdown vehicle shall be fitted with a separate temporary set of direction indicators which is coordinated with the working of the direction indicators of the breakdown vehicle while such motor vehicle is so towed.

199. The driver of a motor vehicle on a public road shall not make use of any direction indicator not complying with the provisions of these regulations.

200. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle--

1. unless all parts of the steering gear are maintained in a condition which enables the vehicle to be steered safely and efficiently;
2. unless, in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), all parts of the steering mechanism are so adjusted that, unless otherwise designed by the manufacturer, the amount of movement which the steering wheel makes before the steering gear becomes effective in changing the direction of the steerable wheels from a position where such wheels are parallel to the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle to the right or left, is no more than 12,5 per cent of the outside circumference of the steering wheel (that is to say, 45 degrees); and
3. which is fitted with an anti-theft device which enables the steering wheel to be disengaged or disconnected from the steering mechanism of the vehicle.

(2) (a) Subject to paragraph (b), no person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle referred to in regulation 142(1) in respect of which a roadworthy certificate is required, first registered on or after 1 July 1999, or any motor vehicle first registered on or after 1 January 2000, the steering wheel of which is on the left hand side.

2. Paragraph (a) does not apply in respect of a vehicle manufactured, built or imported by a registered manufacturer, builder or importer for the purpose of export or for the purpose of testing, assessment or development, if such vehicle is operated on a public road in terms of a special permit.

(3) No person shall operate on a public road a motor cycle--

1. unless the handlebars thereof are symmetrically placed in relation to the longitudinal centre-line of the cycle;
2. unless the distance between the outside edges of the handlebars is at least 600 millimetres in respect of a motor cycle with an engine with a cylinder capacity of 200 cubic centimetres or more and at least 500 millimetres in respect of all other motor cycles; or
3. of which the outer ends of the handgrips on the handlebars are--

1. higher than 500 millimetres above the seat height; or
2. lower than the seat height

and more than 800 millimetres apart.

201. (1) Subject to the provisions of sections 58(3)and 60 of the Act, no person shall operate on a public road--

1. a self-propelled motor vehicle, unless it is equipped with an efficient warning device which is in good working order and, when used, capable of emitting a sound which, under normal conditions, is clearly audible by a person of normal hearing from a distance of at least 90 metres;
2. a pedal cycle, unless it is equipped with an efficient warning device which is in good working order and, when used, capable of giving adequate warning of its approach;
3. a vehicle to which a siren is fitted; or
4. a vehicle to which a device is fitted which emits a sound of which the tone of pitch varies:

Provided that the provisions of paragraphs (c) and (d) shall not apply to a motor vehicle to which an anti-theft device which incorporates a siren is fitted, or to a fire-fighting vehicle, a rescue vehicle, ambulance or vehicle driven by a traffic officer in the carrying out of his or her duties, or to a vehicle driven by a person while engaged in civil protection as contemplated in section 3 of the Civil Protection Act, 1977 (Act No. 67 of 1977).

(2) The device referred to in paragraph (b) of the proviso to sections 58(3) and 60(b) of the Act shall be capable of emitting a sound of which the tones of pitch shall--

1. be--

(commonly known as the "Klaxon"}

2. sweep rapidly between 400 and 1 500 Hertz at a rate of between 120 and 180 cycles per minute (commonly known as the 'yelp'); or
3. sweep slowly between 400 and 1500 Hertz at a rate of between six and nine cycles per minute (commonly known as the 'wail').

202. (1) No person shall operate on a public road any motor vehicle having a windscreen, window or partition made of transparent material--

1. unless such material affords the driver sufficient visibility for safe driving of such vehicle;
2. unless in the case of a windscreen, other than a windscreen fitted to a motor cycle or motor tricycle, such transparent material--

1. is glass; and
2. in respect of a motor vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof was registered for the first time after the year 1958, complies with the provisions of paragraph (a) even when shattered; and

3. unless, in respect of a motor vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time after the year 1958, such transparent material is safety glass and every pane thereof is permanently marked with the name or trade mark of the manufacturer thereof or the trade name of the glass and is clearly identifiable as safety glass by a permanent mark indicating it as such.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of subregulation (1), the transparent material--

1. with which--

1. a window in the roof of a motor vehicle;
2. a window or partition of a bus or a mini-bus; or
3. a window or partition of a semi-trailer designed or adapted for the conveyance of passengers,

is made, may consist of ultrahigh impact acrylic or polycarbonate plastic material where each pane thereof is permanently marked with the name or trademark of the manufacturer thereof or the trade name of the material and such material is clearly identifiable as ultrahigh impact acrylic or polycarbonate plastic material by a permanent mark describing it as such;

2. with which a window or partition or a removable or collapsible hood or canopy of a motor vehicle is made, may consist of a flexible plastic material; and
3. with which a window or partition of a trailer, not designed or adapted for the conveyance of passengers, is made, may in the case where such trailer, according to the registration certificate thereof--

1. was registered for the first time before 1 January 1987, consist of acrylic or polycarbonate plastic material or of glass; or
2. was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1987, consist of acrylic or polycarbonate plastic material.

(3) No person shall operate on a public road any motor vehicle--

1. unless the visible light transmittance through--

1. the windscreen is at least 70 per cent; and
2. any other window is at least 35 per cent,

when measured in accordance with paragraphs 6.3 of the standard specification SABS 1191 "Safety glass for windows";

2. unless any film or tinting material applied to any windscreen, window or partition is free from bubbles, tears or scratches;
3. if, after 1 January 2000, any film or material with a textured surface or any fixture or attachment is positioned over or applied to a windscreen or window in such a manner that its presence reduces visibility through such windscreen or window in any direction.

(4) The provisions of subregulation (3)(a)(ii) shall not apply to an ambulance or a hearse.

203. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle with a windscreen which is not fitted with at least one windscreen wiper which shall be capable of operation by other than manual means and shall, when in operation, wipe the outside of the windscreen directly in front of the driver, continuously, evenly and adequately: Provided that the provisions of this regulation shall not apply to a motor cycle, a motor tricycle or a motor quadrucycle without a fixed hood.

204. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle--

1. which is not so constructed and maintained as to afford the driver thereof a full and clear view of the roadway ahead and to his or her right and left when the vehicle is in use;
2. which is not fitted with a rearview mirror or mirrors enabling the driver of such vehicle, when he or she is in the driving position, to see in clear weather a clear reflection of traffic to the rear: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply in respect of a tractor;
3. which is a motor car, mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which does not exceed 3 500 kilograms and which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1987, unless it is fitted with an exterior rearview mirror on the driving side and an interior rearview mirror: Provided that where the interior rearview mirror does not enable the driver, when he or she is in the driving position, to see in clear weather, a clear reflection of traffic to the rear, an additional exterior rearview mirror shall be fitted on the side opposite to the driving seat and in such a case it shall not be necessary to fit an interior rearview mirror;
4. which is a mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms and which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1987, unless it is fitted with an exterior rearview mirror on the driving side and an exterior rearview mirror on the side opposite to the driving seat; or
5. which is a motor cycle, a motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle unless it is fitted with a rearview mirror on the right side of the handlebars thereof, and such cycle shall also be fitted with a rearview mirror on the left side of its handlebars.

(2) Every rearview mirror of a motor vehicle--

1. which--

1. is a motor car, mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which does not exceed 3 500 kilograms and which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1976; or
2. is a mini-bus, bus or a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms and which, according to the registration certificate thereof, was registered for the first time during the period 1 January 1976 to 31 December 1986,

shall be either flat or spherically convex and have an average radius of curvature of not less than one comma two metres; or

2. contemplated in subregulation (1)(d) shall be either flat or spherically convex and have an average radius or curvature of not less than one comma eight metres.

205. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle--

1. if the fuel tank, carburettor, fuel receptacle or fuel pipe thereof is defective or so exposed that it constitutes a source of danger;
2. if the filling orifice of the fuel tank is not fitted with an effective cap; or
3. unless the electrical wiring and battery are properly installed, insulated and maintained so that such wiring and battery do not constitute a source of danger.

206. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle or other cycle, unless the engine thereof is so covered as not to be a source of danger.

207. (1) No person shall drive or be a passenger on a motor cycle, motor tricycle or a motor quadrucycle, or be a passenger in the side-car attached to a motor cycle, on a public road, unless he or she is wearing a protective helmet--

1. which is specially designed for use in connection with such cycle; and
2. which fits him or her properly and of which the chin strap is properly fastened under the chin.

(2) The driver of a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle shall ensure that any passenger in or on such cycle who is younger than 14 years, complies with the provisions of subregulation (1).

208. No person shall operate on a public road a motor cycle with side-car, unless such side-car is attached to the left side of the motor cycle in such a manner that the centre-line of the axle of the side-car is within the wheelbase of the motor cycle: Provided that no side-car shall be attached to a motor cycle having an engine with a cylinder capacity of less than 50 cubic centimetres.

209. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle--

1. unless an efficient exhaust silencer or muffling device is affixed thereto in such a manner that the exhaust gas from the engine is projected through such silencer or muffling device, which shall be so constructed as to reduce and muffle in an effective manner the sound produced by such exhaust;
2. if any mechanism or device is attached thereto enabling the exhaust gas from the engine of such motor vehicle to be projected otherwise than through the silencer or muffling device referred to in paragraph (a);
3. if the exhaust gas or smoke from the engine is so dense as to cause a nuisance to, or obstruct the vision of other road users;
4. if the exhaust pipe or silencer thereof is in such a position that oil or other flammable liquid or material can drip or fall onto it, or is not in efficient working order, or is so placed and maintained that exhaust gas or smoke leaks into the driving cab or passenger compartment of the vehicle; and
5. which, when tested, exceeds the limits prescribed in code of practice SABS 0181 "The Measurement of Noise Emitted by Road Vehicles when Stationary".

210. (1) (a) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle with a fixed hood and a tare in excess of 570 kilograms unless such vehicle has at least--

1. a convenient means of entrance and exit on both the left side and the right side; or
2. such means of entrance and exit on either the left side or the right side and a ready means of escape on the side opposite to such means of entrance and exit or at the rear,

for the occupants thereof.

2. Where a motor vehicle with a fixed hood and a tare in excess of 570 kilograms is conveying passengers in a separate compartment which does not--

1. comply with the provisions of paragraph (a)(i) or (a)(ii); or
2. afford such passengers unobstructed access to the driving compartment,

such vehicle shall have at least a convenient means of entrance and exit at the rear for such passengers.

(2) An entrance and exit and a means of escape referred to in subregulation (1), shall be protected with a door or other effective barrier: Provided that a means of entrance and exit at the rear of a motor vehicle need not be so protected.

(3) A door or barrier contemplated in subregulation (2) or a door or other barrier with which a means of entrance and exit at the rear of a motor vehicle is protected, shall be--

1. capable of being opened and closed from both the outside and the inside; and
2. closed and clear of any obstruction when the vehicle is in motion:

Provided that the provisions of paragraph (a) shall not apply to a means of escape which has a barrier which is capable of being opened by being knocked out.

(4) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to a mini-bus, bus or the separate compartment of a motor vehicle in which prisoners are conveyed.

211. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle, the tare of which exceeds 570 kilograms, unless it can be driven backwards and forwards.

212. No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a motor vehicle, other than a tractor or trailer, which is equipped with a metal tyre;
2. a tractor or trailer, other than an animal-drawn vehicle, which is equipped with a metal tyre of less than 130 millimetres in width;
3. an animal-drawn vehicle which is equipped with a metal tyre less than 40 millimetres in width;
4. a vehicle which is equipped with a metal tyre unless the whole width of the tread of the tyre is at all times in direct contact with the surface of the road;
5. a vehicle which is equipped with a tyre which is in such a state of disrepair or in such a condition that it may cause or is likely to cause damage to the road surface or may be or is likely to be a danger;
6. a motor vehicle which is equipped with a pneumatic tyre of which the rubber covering is so worn or damaged that the fabric or cord used in the construction of such tyre is exposed;
7. a motor vehicle of which a tyre is so constructed and fitted that the metal part of the wheel to which such tyre is fitted may come into contact with the road surface;
8. a motor cycle which is equipped with a retreaded tyre;
9. a motor vehicle which is equipped with a regrooved tyre having a bead diameter of 430 millimetres or less;
10. a motor vehicle--

1. which is fitted with a pneumatic tyre unless such tyre displays throughout, across its breadth and around its entire circumference, a pattern which is clearly visible, and has a tread of at least one millimetre in depth; or
2. which is fitted with a pneumatic tyre which contains a tyre tread depth indicator, if the tread is level with the tyre tread depth indicator:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in respect of a motor cycle with an engine which has a cylinder capacity not exceeding 125 cubic centimetres, or a trailer drawn by a tractor at a speed not exceeding 35 km/h;

11. a motor cycle with an engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cubic centimetres, which is fitted with a pneumatic tyre which does not at any position on the tread thereof have a visible tread pattern over at least 80 per cent of the full width of the tread;
12. a motor vehicle which is equipped with a pneumatic tyre which has a break in its fabric or which has a cut, measured in any direction on the outside of the tyre and of such depth that it reaches the cords used in the construction of such tyre, in excess of 25 millimetres or 10 per cent of the maximum width of the tyre, whichever is the greater; or
13. a motor vehicle which is equipped with a pneumatic tyre which has a lump or bulge caused by the separation of or a partial break in its structure.

213. (1) For the purpose of this regulation--

1. an adult is a person over the age of 14 years or taller than one comma five metres; and
2. a child is a person between the age of three years and 14 years, except where such person is taller than one comma five metres.

(2) Any reference to a safety belt in these regulations shall be construed as a reference to a seat belt.

(3) (a) Motor vehicles which are required to be fitted with seatbelts in terms of the relevant requirements as contemplated in regulation 216, shall be fitted with seatbelts in accordance therewith.

2. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), no person shall operate a minibus the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 2 500 kg, unless seatbelts are fitted to the space on the front seat occupied by the driver, and if such front seat has seating accommodation for passengers, unless seatbelts are fitted for the driver and at least one passenger.
3. No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public road unless the seatbelts fitted to such motor vehicle are in good working order.
4. Seatbelts fitted to a motor vehicle may only be removed for repair or replacement purposes and such motor vehicle may not be used on a public road while such seatbelts are being repaired or replaced.

(4) No adult shall occupy a seat in a motor vehicle operated on a public road which is fitted with a seatbelt unless such person wears such seatbelt: Provided that the provisions of this regulation do not apply while reversing or moving in or out of a parking bay or area.

(5) No adult shall occupy a seat on a row of seats in a motor vehicle operated on a public road which is not fitted with a seatbelt, unless all other seats on such row which are fitted with seatbelts, are already occupied.

(6) The driver of a motor vehicle operated on a public road shall ensure that a child seated on a seat of the motor vehicle--

1. where it is available in the motor vehicle, uses an appropriate child restraint; or
2. if no child restraint is available, wears the seatbelt if an unoccupied seat which is fitted with a seatbelt is available.

(7) If no seat, equipped with a seatbelt is available in a motor vehicle the driver of the motor vehicle operated on a public road shall ensure that a child shall, if such motor vehicle is equipped with a rear seat, be seated on such rear seat.

(8) (a) A seatbelt shall comply with the standard specification SABS 1080 "Restraining devices for occupants of adult build in motor vehicles (Revised requirements)" and bear a certification mark or approval mark.

(b) A child restraint shall comply with the standard specification SABS 1340 "Child restraining devices in motor vehicles" and bear a certification mark or approval mark.

(9) The MEC may exempt a person from the provisions of this regulation on such medical grounds and under such conditions he or she may deem expedient

(10) An exemption from wearing a seatbelt in a prescribed territory shall be deemed to be an exemption in terms of subregulation (9) for the period of validity thereof.

214. (1) For the purposes of this regulation--

1. the expression "motor vehicle" excludes an ambulance, motor-car, motor cycle, motor tricycle or motor quadrucycle; and
2. "reflective material" means reflective material which under all circumstances is capable of reflecting light.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a motor vehicle unless there is carried on such vehicle at least one emergency warning sign, which--

1. is a double-sided sign having the shape, design, minimum dimensions and colours as illustrated hereunder, and of which the red portion on each side--

27. shall consist of red reflective material; or
54. shall be painted red and have retro-reflectors at each corner; or

2. is an emergency warning sign contemplated in paragraph (b);

2. a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kilograms, unless there is carried on such vehicle at least one emergency warning sign, which--

1. is a warning sign complying with the requirements of standard specifications SABS 1329 "Retro-Reflective and Fluorescent Warning Signs For Road Vehicles", Part 1: "Triangles"; and
2. bears a certification mark:

Provided that in the case of a combination of motor vehicles, the emergency warning sign for every motor vehicle of such combination may be carried on the drawing vehicle: Provided further that in the case of a combination of three motor vehicles, at least two emergency warning signs shall be carried on the vehicle.

(3) Where a motor vehicle is for any reason stationary on the roadway of a public road, the driver of such vehicle shall display or cause to be displayed at least one emergency warning sign in the manner contemplated in subregulation (5).

(4) No person shall, without lawful cause, remove or tamper with any emergency warning sign which is being displayed in accordance with the provisions of this regulation.

(5) At least one emergency warning sign shall be displayed in the following manner:

1. The sign shall be placed not less than 45 metres from the motor vehicle along the roadway of the public road concerned in the direction from which traffic will approach such vehicle when travelling on the side of the roadway closest to such motor vehicle;
2. the sign shall be placed approximately as far from the edge of the roadway as the transverse centre of the motor vehicle is from the edge of the roadway; and
3. the reflective side of the sign shall face in the direction from which any traffic will approach.

(6) The provisions of subregulation (3) shall not apply where a motor vehicle is stationary--

1. in a place where a road traffic sign authorises the loading or unloading of a vehicle;
2. in compliance with any direction conveyed by a road traffic sign or given by a traffic officer;
3. on account of other traffic on the public road concerned and while the driver occupies the driving seat of such motor vehicle; or
4. in the course of events accompanying the carrying out of a State or municipal function.

215. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle which is designed for or capable of reaching a speed of 60 kilometres per hour or more on a reasonably level road, unless such vehicle is equipped with a speedometer which is in a good working order.

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply to--

1. a trailer; or
2. new motor vehicle while--

1. being delivered by a motor transport contractor in the course of his or her business;
2. being delivered by a manufacturer to a motor dealer; or
3. being used by a motor dealer in the course of his or her business for the purpose to sell, exchange or repair such vehicle or to build a permanent structure thereon.

216. (1) A motor car, mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle fitted with at least four wheels, or a trailer, operated on a public road, shall comply with the relevant requirements as specified in the Government Notices issued in terms of section 22 of the Standards Act, 1993 (Act No. 29 of 1993) and listed in Annex A to code of practice SABS 047: "The testing of motor vehicles for roadworthiness".

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle unless all the equipment required to be on such motor vehicle in terms of subregulation (1), is fitted to such vehicle and in good working order.

(3) Notwithstanding anything pertaining to the extent of the application of the requirements referred to in subregulation (1), any motor vehicle design or any design of a motor vehicle modification submitted to the inspectorate of manufacturers, builders and importers in terms of regulation 43, shall comply with the requirements relevant to such motor vehicle design or any design of a motor vehicle modification.

217. (1) After 1 July 1999, no person shall operate a trailer with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg, or a bus or goods vehicle with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 7 500 kg, on a public road unless it is fitted with wheel flaps--

1. which are properly maintained and approved by the vehicle manufacturer; or
2. which comply with standard specification SABS 1496 "Wheel flaps fitted to motor vehicles".

(2) The provisions of subregulation (1) shall not apply to--

1. a chassis or a cab and chassis which is being driven to a manufacturer, builder or motor dealer;
2. a truck-tractor; or
3. a vehicle which complies with the provisions of standard specification SABS 1496 "Wheel flaps fitted to motor vehicles", due to its design.

218. Subject to such exemptions as may be provided for under any specification as referred to in regulation 216, a rear underrun protection device which complies with the standard specification SABS 1055 "Rear underrun protection devices", shall be fitted to--

1. a trailer the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kg, first registered on or after 1 January 1988;
2. any other goods vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 12 000 kg, first registered on or after 1 January 1988,

but after 1 January 2000, such rear underrun protection device shall be fitted to any trailer the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kg and any goods vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 12 000 kg.

219. A semi-trailer first registered on or after 1 July 1999, shall be fitted with only one axle or one axle unit, which axle unit shall be fitted with suspension of one type only namely either air suspension, steel suspension, or rubber suspension.

220. (1) Except for a breakdown vehicle, any vehicle, which is a drilling machine, a mobile crane, a fork lift, a straddle truck, a road making machine, an earthmoving machine, an excavation machine, a construction machine or a loading machine, is exempt from the provisions of this Part, except for the provisions of regulations 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, 211 and 212: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road are not clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle, and where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
3. no such vehicle, other than a mobile crane which is operated for the purpose of removing any hazard or obstruction on a freeway, shall be operated on a freeway.

(2) Any vehicle, including a tractor, which is not a goods vehicle and which is used solely for bona fide agricultural, horticultural, viticultural or pastoral pursuits and when operated on a public road, shall be excluded from the provisions of this part: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle and, where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
3. no such vehicle shall be operated on a freeway.

(3) A vintage motor vehicle is exempt from any provisions of this Part in so far as the fitment of the equipment required in terms of this Part will alter the original design and equipment of such motor vehicle.

221. No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a trailer which is coupled to a drawing vehicle in such a manner that the trailer and the drawing vehicle cannot swivel in a horizontal plane at the coupling, if the overall length including any drawbar or coupling exceeds one comma eight metres;
2. a trailer with one axle or one axle unit, other than a semi-trailer--

1. the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 12 000 kilograms, if the overall length of such trailer, excluding any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 11,3 metres; or
2. the gross vehicle mass of which does not exceed 12 000 kilograms, if the overall length of such trailer, excluding any drawbar or coupling, exceeds eight metres;

3. a trailer not referred to in paragraph (b), excluding a semi-trailer, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 12 000 kilograms, if the overall length of such trailer, excluding any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 12,5 metres;
4. an articulated motor vehicle or any other combination of motor vehicles consisting of a drawing vehicle and a semi-trailer, if the overall length of such motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles, including any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 18,5 metres;
5. a bus-train, if the overall length thereof exceeds 20 metres;
6. any other vehicles, excluding a semi-trailer, if the overall length thereof, including any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 12,5 metres; or
7. any other combination of motor vehicles, if the overall length thereof, including any drawbar or coupling, exceeds 22 metres: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a breakdown vehicle while towing another motor vehicle.

222. (1) Subject to subregulation (3), no person shall operate on a public road any combination of motor vehicles--

1. other than a drawing vehicle and one or two trailers;
2. other than a motor vehicle drawing one other motor vehicle which is not a trailer; and
3. other than a motor vehicle drawing another motor vehicle which is not a trailer, and a trailer, in the case of an emergency or a breakdown.

(2) Subject to subregulation (3), no person shall operate on a public road a combination of motor vehicles consisting of--

1. a trailer attached to a drawing vehicle in such a manner that the combination of trailer and drawing vehicle cannot bend in a horizontal plane, if the combined length of such trailer, including any drawbar or coupling and the rear overhang of the drawing vehicle, exceeds three comma one metres;
2. a trailer or trailers attached to a drawing vehicle if the length of the drawbar of any trailer in such combination, where such trailer has more than one axle, exceeds two metres: Provided that in the case of an underslung coupling, the drawbar may exceed two metres if the distance between the two vehicles does not exceed two comma five metres.

(3) Subject to regulation 239(2), any combination of vehicles may be towed by a breakdown vehicle if the brake system of the towed combination, excluding the drawing vehicle of such combination, is functional and coordinated with the working of the brakes of the breakdown vehicle.

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of subregulation (1), a converter dolly shall, when used in combination with a semi-trailer, be deemed not to be a trailer.

223. No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a bus of which the distance between the centre-lines of the tyres of the two front wheels exceeds one comma nine metres, if the overall width of such bus exceeds two comma six metres;
2. a goods vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which is 12 000 kilograms or more, if the overall width thereof exceeds two comma six metres; or
3. any other vehicle, if the overall width thereof exceeds two and a half metres.

224. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle together with any load thereon, the overall height of which--

1. in the case of a double-deck bus exceeds four comma six five metres; and
2. in the case of any other motor vehicle exceeds four comma three metres.

225. No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle--

1. the maximum turning radius of which exceeds 13,1 metres; and
2. the wheelbase of which exceeds, in the case of--

1. a semi-trailer, nine metres, unless a certificate issued by the inspectorate of manufacturers, builders and importers, which reflects that the cornering, reversing and road damage performance of the semi-trailer presents no greater hazard than for a nine metre wheelbase tandem axle semi-trailer, is affixed to the semi-trailer or carried in the drawing vehicle concerned;
2. a bus-train, 15 metres; or
3. any other vehicle, eight and a half metres.

226. (1) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a semi-trailer, the front overhang of which exceeds one comma eight metres; or
2. a vehicle, other than a semi-trailer or a trailer with one axle or one axle unit, the front overhang of which exceeds--

1. 60 per cent of the wheelbase;
2. six comma two metres in the case of a vehicle having the front surface of the back rest of the driving seat at seat level not more than one comma seven metres from the front end of the vehicle when such seat, if adjustable, is in the rearmost position, less half the wheelbase: Provided that the wheelbase of a bus-train shall be the distance measured from the centre of the front axle to the centre of the middle axle; or
3. five comma eight metres in the case of any other vehicle, less half the wheelbase.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road--

1. a vehicle designed or adapted for use in connection with street cleaning or the disposal of refuse or sewage, or any vehicle referred to in regulations 220, 230 or 249, any bus, or self- propelled caravan, the rear overhang of which exceeds 70 per cent of its wheel base;
2. a trailer, other than a semi-trailer, which is equipped with--

1. one axle;
2. one axle unit; or
3. two axles, the distance between the centre-lines of which is less than one comma two metres,

if the rear overhang exceeds 50 per cent of the length of the body of such trailer; or

3. any vehicle, not referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) the rear overhang of which exceeds 60 per cent of its wheelbase.

227. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle, other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or pedal cycle--

1. carrying any goods or fittings which project--

1. either side of the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle by more than--

27. in the case of a bus contemplated in regulation 223(a) or a goods vehicle contemplated in regulation 223(b), one comma three metres; or
54. in the case of any other vehicle, one comma two five metres:

Provided that any side mirror or direction indicator on the vehicle shall not be taken into account;

2. more than 300 millimetres beyond the front end of the vehicle; or
3. more than one comma eight metres beyond the rear end of the vehicle; or

2. of which--

1. the front overhang, together with any projection, exceeds the front overhang as provided in regulation 226(1)(b); or
2. any bracket projects more than 150 millimetres beyond the widest part of the vehicle.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle or combination of vehicles where the combined length of such vehicle or combination of vehicles and any projection exceeds the overall length prescribed in regulation 221 for such vehicle or combination of vehicles.

228. No person shall operate on a public road a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or pedal cycle if any goods carried thereon, or on any portion or side-car of such cycle, project more than 600 millimetres to the front of the axle centre of the front wheel or more than 900 millimetres to the rear of the axle centre of the rear wheel or more than 450 millimetres on either side of the wheels of such cycle, or more than 300 millimetres to the outside of the wheel of any side-car: Provided that the provisions of this regulation shall not apply in respect of any side mirror or crash bar.

229. (1) No person shall operate a vehicle on a public road if the load on such vehicle projects more than 150 millimetres beyond the side thereof, unless--

1. during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly visible at a distance of 150 metres, the extent of such projection is indicated--

1. by means of either a white retro-reflector or a lamp emitting a white light, fitted at the outer edge of the front of such load; and
2. by means of either a red retro-reflector or a lamp emitting a red light, fitted at the outer edge of the rear of such load; and

2. during any other period, the extent of such projection is indicated by means of flags of red cloth, not less than 300 millimetres by 300 millimetres, suspended by two adjacent corners thereof transversely to the direction in which the vehicle is travelling, from the front and rear of such projection.

(2) No person shall operate a vehicle on a public road if the load on such vehicle projects more than 300 millimetres beyond the rear thereof, unless--

1. during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly visible at a distance of 150 metres--

1. the width of such projection is indicated by means of red retro-reflectors or lamps emitting a red light fitted on the end of such projection: Provided that where the width of any such projection is less than 600 millimetres it shall be sufficient for the purpose of indicating such width to fit one retro-reflector or lamp on the end thereof; and
2. the length of such projection is indicated by means of yellow retro-reflectors or lamps emitting a yellow light fitted on both sides of such projection at the end thereof; and

2. during any other period, the length of such projection is indicated by means of a red flag or red cloth, not less than 300 millimetres by 300 millimetres, suspended by two adjacent corners thereof transversely to the direction in which the vehicle is travelling, from the end of such projection, and the width of such projection is indicated by means of such flags suspended by two adjacent corners thereof parallel to the direction in which the vehicle is travelling, from both sides of such projection at the end thereof: Provided that where the width of such projection is less than 600 millimetres it shall be sufficient for the purposes of indicating such projection to suspend one such flag from the end thereof.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation, the light of any lamp shall comply with the provisions of regulation 158(2).

230. (1) Except for a breakdown vehicle, any vehicle, which is a drilling machine, a mobile crane, a fork lift, a straddle truck, a road making machine, an earthmoving machine, an excavation machine, a construction machine or a loading machine is exempt from the provisions of this Part, except for the provisions of regulations 224 and 226: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the overall width of any such vehicle shall not exceed three and a half metres;
3. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle, and where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
4. any such vehicle exceeding the overall length prescribed in regulation 221 or the overall width prescribed in regulation 223 shall display two flags of red cloth not less than 600 millimetres by 600 millimetres, in such manner as to indicate its abnormal length or width and such flags shall be suspended from the vehicle transversely to the direction of travel; and
5. no such vehicle, other than a mobile crane which is operated for the purpose of removing any hazard or obstruction on a freeway, shall be operated on a freeway.

(2) Any vehicle, including a tractor, which is not a goods vehicle and which is used solely for bona fide agricultural, horticultural, viticultural or pastoral pursuits and when operated on a public road, is exempt from the provisions of this Part: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle and, where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
3. where such vehicle--

1. exceeds the overall length prescribed in regulation 221;
2. encroaches beyond half the width of the roadway except when overtaking other vehicles or crossing bridges; or
3. is more than two comma six metres but less than three and a half metres wide,

two flags of red cloth shall be displayed not less than 600 millimetres by 600 millimetres in such manner as to indicate its abnormal length or width and such flags shall be suspended from the vehicle transversely to the direction of travel, but the vehicle may be fitted with amber flashing lights in lieu of such flags; and

4. the overall width of any such vehicle shall not exceed four and a half metres: Provided that when the overall width exceeds three and a half metres--

1. such vehicle shall not normally encroach beyond half the width of the roadway except when overtaking other vehicles or crossing bridges; and
2. if such vehicle does encroach beyond half the width of the roadway, two escort vehicles with the headlamps switched on and displaying red flags of the size prescribed in paragraph (c) or amber flashing lights shall be provided, one travelling in front and one to the rear of such vehicle;

5. no such vehicle shall be operated on a freeway.

231. For the purposes of establishing the number of persons that may in terms of these regulations, other than regulation 263, be carried on any vehicle, other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or pedal cycle--

1. any child under the age of three years shall not be counted;
2. two children of three years or over but under the age of six years shall be counted as one person; and
3. three children of six years or over but under the age of 13 years shall be counted as two persons:

Provided that in applying the provisions of this regulation, fractions shall be disregarded.

232. For the purposes of establishing the maximum mass of persons and luggage which may be conveyed on a motor vehicle--

1. the mass of a person together with his or her personal effects shall, subject to the provisions of regulation 231 be taken as 63 kilograms; and
2. in the case of a motor vehicle which is fitted with--

1. a luggage compartment, the mass of luggage shall be calculated at the rate of 100 kilograms per cubic metre; or
2. a roof rack, the mass of luggage shall be calculated at the rate of 75 kilograms per square metre of area of the roof rack:

Provided that where a motor vehicle is examined for the purpose of obtaining a roadworthy certificate as contemplated in regulation 142, the provisions of paragraph (b) shall not apply in the determination of the seating capacity of such motor vehicle.

233. (1) Subject to the provisions of regulation 231, no person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle, other than a mini-bus or bus which is used for hire or reward, motorcycle, motor tricycle, motor quadrucycle or pedal cycle if--

1. the number of persons on any seat of such vehicle exceeds the number of persons for whom seating accommodation is provided for on such seat, at the rate of 380 millimetres per person measured at the widest part of the seat with the doors closed; and
2. the total number of persons carried on such vehicle, excluding persons carried in the goods compartment of the vehicle, exceeds the number of persons for whom seating accommodation, determined in the manner referred to in paragraph (a), is available in such vehicle: Provided that, one child over the age of three years but under the age of six years may be carried on each transverse seat, in excess of the number of persons for whom seating accommodation is available on such seat, determined in the manner referred to in paragraph (a).

(2) Subject to the provisions of regulation 231, no person shall operate on a public road, a bus or a mini-bus, if the number of persons on any seat exceeds the number of persons for whom seating accommodation is provided for on such seat, at the rate of--

1. 400 millimetres per person in the case of a bus; or
2. 380 millimetres per person in the case of a mini-bus,

measured at the widest part of the seat with the doors closed.

(3) For the purposes of the proviso to subregulation (1)(b), a row of seats shall be regarded as one seat.

(4) Where in this regulation a reference is made to a maximum or minimum dimension, a tolerance of 10 millimetres apply to such dimension.

234. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle if the permissible maximum axle massload of such vehicle is exceeded.

(2) The permissible maximum axle massload of a vehicle shall be the least of the mass limits determined by--

1. regulation 238(1) in respect of a vehicle fitted with pneumatic tyres or regulation 238(2) and 243 in respect of a vehicle fitted with tyres other than pneumatic tyres;
2. regulation 239(1)(a)(ii); and
3. regulation 240(a), (b) and (c).

235. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle if the permissible maximum axle unit massload of such vehicle is exceeded.

(2) The permissible maximum axle unit massload of a vehicle shall be the least of the mass limits determined by--

1. regulation 238(1) in respect of a vehicle fitted with pneumatic tyres or regulation 238(2) and 243 in respect of a vehicle fitted with tyres other than pneumatic tyres;
2. regulation 239(1)(a)(iii); and
3. regulation 240(d), (e), (f) and (g).

236. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle if the permissible maximum vehicle mass of such vehicle is exceeded.

(2) The permissible maximum vehicle mass of a vehicle shall be the least of the mass limits determined by--

1. the sum of all the permissible maximum axle massloads and axle unit massloads of the vehicle as contemplated in regulations 234 and 235;
2. regulation 239(1)(a)(i);
3. regulation 239(2);
4. regulation 239(3); and
5. regulation 241:

Provided that the permissible maximum vehicle mass of such vehicle shall not exceed 56 000 kilograms.

237. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a combination of vehicles where the drawing vehicle is a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle, if the permissible maximum combination mass of such combination is exceeded.

(2) The permissible maximum combination mass of a combination of vehicles shall be the least of the mass limits determined by--

1. the sum of all the permissible maximum axle massloads and axle unit massloads of the combination of vehicles as contemplated in regulations 234 and 235;
2. regulation 239(1)(b);
3. regulation 239(2);
4. regulation 239(3); and
5. regulation 241:

Provided that the permissible maximum combination mass of such combination shall not exceed 56 000 kilograms.

238. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle--

1. which is fitted with pneumatic tyres, where any wheel massload is in excess of the wheel massload referred to in the appropriate part of the standard specification SABS 1550: "Motor Vehicle Tyres and Rims: Dimensions and Loads", Part 1 "General", Part 2 "Passenger car tyres", Part 3 "Commercial vehicle tyres"; or
2. where any pneumatic tyre is not mentioned in the standard specification referred to in paragraph (a), where the wheel massload is in excess of the wheel massload approved by the manufacturer of the tyre concerned:

Provided that for the purposes of determining the pressure in a tyre the temperature of the tyre shall be disregarded.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road any vehicle fitted with tyres, other than pneumatic tyres, if the wheel massload exceeds eight kilograms per one millimetre width of any such tyre.

239. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle--

1. if--

1. the gross vehicle mass;
2. any gross axle massload; or
3. any gross axle unit massload,

is exceeded;

2. drawing any other motor vehicle if the gross combination mass is exceeded.

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle which is a minibus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle if the mass in kilograms of such vehicle or of a combination of vehicles of which such first-mentioned vehicle forms a part, whether laden or unladen, exceeds a figure arrived at by multiplying the net power in kilowatts of the engine of such vehicle as determined in accordance with or calculated with due regard to code of practice SABS 013 "The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines"--

1. in the case of the drawing vehicle being a tractor by 400; or
2. in the case of any other vehicle by 240.

(3) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle which is a mini-bus, bus, tractor or goods vehicle if the mass in kilograms of such vehicle or of a combination of vehicles of which such first-mentioned vehicle forms a part, whether laden or unladen, exceeds five times the total axle massload of the driving axle or axles of such vehicle.

240. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle or a combination of motor vehicles, the wheels of which are fitted with pneumatic tyres, if--

1. the wheel massload of wheels--

1. which are fitted to a steering axle, exceeds 3 850 kilograms; or
2. which are fitted to axles other than a steering axle, exceeds 4 000 kilograms;

2. the axle massload of an axle fitted with two or three wheels and--

1. which is a steering axle, exceeds 7 700 kilograms; or
2. which is an axle other than a steering axle, exceeds 8 000 kilograms;

3. the axle massload of an axle fitted with four wheels and--

1. which is fitted to a vehicle designed to compact refuse and which is carrying such refuse, exceeds 10 200 kilograms;
2. which is fitted to a breakdown vehicle, exceeds 10 200 kilograms;
3. which is placed in the rear or middle of a bus-train, exceeds 10 200 kilograms;
4. which is fitted to a bus, other than a bus-train, exceeds 10 200 kilograms; or
5. which is not mentioned in subparagraphs (i) to (iv), exceeds 9 000 kilograms;

4. the axle massload of an axle unit which consists of two axles, each of which are fitted with two or three wheels, and--

1. which is a steering axle unit, exceeds 15 400 kilograms; or
2. which is an axle unit other than a steering axle unit, exceeds 16 000 kilograms;

5. the axle massload of an axle unit which consists of two axles, each of which are fitted with four wheels, and--

1. which is fitted to a vehicle, except a trailer designed to compact refuse and which is carrying such refuse, exceeds 20 400 kilograms;
2. which is fitted to a breakdown vehicle, exceeds 20 400 kilograms; or
3. which is not mentioned in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), exceeds 18 000 kilograms;

6. the axle massload of an axle unit which consists of three or more axles, each of which are fitted with two or three wheels, and--

1. which is a steering axle unit, exceeds 23 100 kilograms; or
2. which is an axle unit other than a steering axle unit, exceeds 24 000 kilograms;

7. the axle massload of an axle unit which consists of three or more axles, each of which are fitted with four wheels, exceeds 24 000 kilograms.

241. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle or combination of vehicles, the wheels of which are fitted with pneumatic tyres, if the total axle massload of any group of axles of such vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds the mass in kilograms determined by multiplying the dimension of such group measured as referred to in subregulation (3) by 2 100 and adding 18000.

(2) A group of axles referred to in subregulation (1) may comprise any series of axles, but shall not consist of one axle unit referred to in regulation 240(d), (e), (f) or (g) alone.

(3) (a) The dimension referred to in subregulation (1) shall be measured in metres and tenths of metres from the centre of the first axle of any group of axles to the centre of the last axle of such group.

2. If the dimension so measured is not a definite figure in metres and tenths of a metre, the next highest number of tenths of a metre with which the dimension so measured is exceeded shall be used for the calculation referred to in subregulation (1).
3. Where a group of axles of a combination of vehicles is measured, the vehicles of such combination shall be positioned in line and both sides of such combination of vehicles shall be measured, and if the dimensions of the two sides differ, the longer dimension shall be used for the calculation referred to in subregulation (1).

242. Notwithstanding the provisions of regulation 240 no person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle which is fitted with pneumatic tyres if--

1. on any axle with--

1. two tyres, the wheel massload on one tyre exceeds the wheel massload on the other tyre by more than 10 per cent; or
2. four tyres, the wheel massload on two tyres nearest to each other exceeds the wheel massload on the other two tyres by more than 10 per cent;

2. in the case of an articulated motor vehicle the axle massload of any steering axle or the sum of the axle massloads of any steering axle unit is less than 11 per cent of the sum of all axle massloads of such vehicle;
3. in the case of a motor vehicle, not being an articulated motor vehicle, with a steering axle unit, the sum of the axle massloads of such steering axle unit is less than 30 per cent of the sum of all axle massloads of such vehicle; or
4. in the case of any other vehicle the axle massload of a steering axle is less than 20 per cent of the sum of all axle massloads of such vehicle, except in the case of a tractor when the axle massload of the steering axle shall not be less than 12 per cent of the sum of all the axle massloads of such tractor.

243. No person shall operate on a public road a vehicle fitted--

1. with metal tyres, if any axle massload of such vehicle exceeds 2 700 kilograms; or
2. with tyres, other than pneumatic or metal tyres, if any axle massload or the sum of all axle massloads of such vehicle exceeds 50 per cent of that permitted for vehicles fitted with pneumatic tyres in terms of regulation 240 or, if the axle massload of any steering axle of such vehicle does not comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b), (c) or (d) of regulation 242.

244. No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof was registered for the first time prior to 1 January 1989 and of which the gross vehicle mass does not exceed 3 500 kilograms, unless there is displayed in a conspicuous position on the left side thereof in letters and figures of not less than 40 millimetres in height and which shall be clearly legible at all times--

1. the tare of such vehicle in kilograms (denoted as T);
2. the permissible maximum vehicle mass referred to in regulation 236 in kilograms (denoted as V); and
3. if the vehicle is used to draw any other vehicle, the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass which shall be the least of the masses determined in terms of regulation 239(1)(b), (2) or (3) in kilograms (denoted as D/T):

Provided that if such vehicle is fitted with a plate as referred to in regulation 245, the provisions of this regulation shall not be applicable to such motor vehicle.

245. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a mini-bus, bus or goods vehicle which, according to the registration certificate thereof--

1. was registered for the first time prior to 1 January 1989 and of which the gross vehicle mass exceeds 3 500 kilograms; or
2. was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1989,

unless the following particulars in respect of such mini-bus, bus or a goods vehicle are clearly imprinted or stamped on a metal plate or plates affixed in an accessible place on a door post, under the bonnet or on the dash board of the vehicle concerned or, in the case of a trailer, on the left side thereof in any conspicuous place:

1. The tare in kilograms (denoted as T);
2. the gross vehicle mass in kilograms (denoted as GVM/BVM);
3. the gross axle massload or gross axle unit massload of each axle or axle unit in kilograms (denoted as GA/BA and GAU/BAE, respectively);
4. in the case of a semi-trailer the gross kingpin massload as specified by the manufacturer (denoted GKM/BSM);
5. the gross combination mass in kilograms where the vehicle is used to draw any other vehicle (denoted GCM/BKM);
6. where applicable, the net power in kilowatts as determined in accordance with or calculated with due regard to code of practice SABS 013 "The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines";
7. the permissible maximum vehicle mass referred to in regulation 236 in kilograms (denoted as V): Provided that this subparagraph is not applicable in respect of a semi-trailer;
8. the permissible maximum axle massload referred to in regulation 234 or axle unit massload referred to in regulation 235 of each axle or axle unit in kilograms (denoted as A and AU/AE, respectively); and
9. the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass referred to in regulation 244(c) (denoted as D/T).

(2) No person shall operate on a public road a tractor unless it is fitted with a metal plate on which is imprinted--

1. the net power of the engine in kilowatts as determined in terms of code of practice SABS 013 "The determination of performance (at net power) of internal combustion engines", Part 1: "Road vehicle internal combustion engines at sea level", Part 2: "Compression ignition engines and altitude", Part 3: "Agricultural vehicle internal combustion engines at sea level" (denoted as P/D);
2. the gross combination mass in kilograms (denoted as GCM/BKM); and
3. the permissible maximum drawing vehicle mass referred to in regulation 244(c) (denoted as D/T):

Provided that the provisions of this subregulation shall apply--

1. from 1 January 1993 in respect of a tractor which according to the registration certificate thereof was registered for the first time on or after 1 January 1993; and
2. from 1 January 1995 in respect of a tractor which according to the registration certificate thereof was registered for the first time before 1 January 1993.

246. No person shall operate on a public road a motor vehicle carrying any goods--

1. in such a manner as to come into contact with the surface of the public road on which the vehicle is being operated but a chain, known as a "static chain", may be carried in contact with the surface of such road;
2. in such manner as to obscure the driver's view of traffic to the front or on either side, or his or her view in the rearview mirror or mirrors of traffic to the rear;
3. which are not--

1. safely contained within the body of such vehicle; or
2. securely fastened to such vehicle,

and which are not properly protected from being dislodged or spilled from such vehicle;

4. on the roof thereof, in the case where such vehicle is a motorcar, if the height of such goods measured from the highest point of such roof exceeds one-half of the height of the motor car, measured from ground level: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not be applicable in respect of pedal cycles being transported on the roof of a motor vehicle; or
5. in any container, which has provision for fastening by means of "twist locks", unless such container is securely fastened by at least four "twist locks" and the provision of this paragraph are also applicable to empty containers carried on a motor vehicle, but two "twist locks" may be used to fasten a container which, measured parallel to the length of the vehicle, is at least one comma five metre in length and less than three metres in length.

247. No person shall operate on a public road a goods vehicle conveying persons unless that portion of the vehicle in which such persons are being conveyed is enclosed to a height of--

1. at least 350 millimetres above the surface upon which such person is seated; or
2. at least 900 millimetres above the surface on which such person is standing,

in a manner and with a material of sufficient strength to prevent such person from falling from such vehicle when it is in motion: Provided that this regulation shall not apply in the case of employees being carried in the course of their employment.

248. (1) If, in a prosecution for an offence under regulations 234 to 243 inclusive, an allegation is made in the charge sheet or summons in relation to--

1. the gross vehicle mass;
2. the gross axle mass;
3. the gross axle unit massload;
4. the gross combination mass;
5. the net power in kilowatts of any bus or goods vehicle;
6. the permissible maximum vehicle mass referred to in regulation 236;
7. the permissible maximum combination mass referred to in regulation 237; or
8. the permissible maximum axle massload or maximum axle unit massload, referred to in regulation 234 or 235 respectively,

such allegation shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed to be correct.

(2) The fact that differing results may be obtained on successive attempts at determining the axle massload of an axle which is part of an axle unit shall not, by itself, prove the massload alleged in a prosecution, to be incorrect.

(3) In a prosecution for an alleged offence in terms of regulation 241, any distance in metres alleged on the charge sheet or summons, used to calculate the maximum permissible massload of any group of axles on a form similar to the prescribed form as shown in Schedule 2, shall in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be deemed to be correct.

(4) The massloads of all the individual axles of--

1. an axle unit, may be added to obtain the total massload of such axle unit;
2. a group of axles, may be added to obtain the total massload of such group of axles;
3. a vehicle, may be added to obtain the total massload of such vehicle; or
4. a combination of vehicles, may be added to obtain the total massload of such combination of vehicles.

(5) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these regulations, where an owner of a motor vehicle has been issued with a motor vehicle licence for that vehicle, such owner shall not be competent, in respect of the year to which such licence is applicable, to prove that the tare of such vehicle is either greater or less than the tare upon which the fees payable for such licence were calculated: Provided that the provisions of this subregulation shall not apply in respect of an owner of a motor vehicle who is prosecuted for and found guilty of a contravention of section 67 of the Act where such contravention relates to the tare referred to in this subregulation.

249. (1) Except for a breakdown vehicle, any vehicle, which is a drilling machine, a mobile crane, a fork lift, a straddle truck, a road making machine, an earthmoving machine, an excavation machine, a construction machine or a loading machine, is, except for the provisions of regulations 234 to 245, exempt from the provisions of this Part: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle, and where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
3. no such vehicle, other than a mobile crane which is operated for the purpose of removing any hazard or obstruction on a freeway, shall be operated on a freeway.

(2) Any vehicle, including a tractor, which is not a goods vehicle and which is used solely for bona fide agricultural, horticultural, viticultural or pastoral pursuits and when operated on a public road, is exempt from the provisions of this Part, except for the provisions of regulations 234 to 245 in so far as it relates to the tare, gross vehicle mass and maximum permissible drawing vehicle mass: Provided that--

1. no such vehicle shall be operated on the roadway of a public road during the period between sunset and sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable weather conditions, persons and vehicles upon the public road would not be clearly discernible at a distance of 150 metres;
2. the driver of any such vehicle on the roadway of a public road shall stop such vehicle and, where possible, drive it off the roadway if it be necessary in order to allow other vehicular traffic to pass;
3. no such vehicle shall be operated on a freeway.

250. No person shall on a public road carry any person for reward in the goods compartment of a motor vehicle.

251. No persons shall operate on a public road a mini-bus or bus unless--

1. the sides of the passenger compartment are enclosed to the height of at least 600 millimetres from the floor with material which is durable and weatherproof; and
2. such mini-bus or bus is provided with a weatherproof roof.

252. (1) (a) A mini-bus or bus shall be equipped with at least one passenger entrance leading from the left hand side of such mini-bus or bus to the passenger compartment, in addition to any doors provided for the driver and front seat passenger.

2. A mini-bus shall have at least one emergency exit on the right hand side or in the rear thereof: Provided that a door fitted for use by the driver of such mini-bus which is accessible to persons in the passenger compartment thereof, may be deemed to be such an emergency exit.
3. A bus or the lower deck of a double deck bus, shall have at least one emergency exit--

1. in the rear; or
2. on each side towards the rear:

Provided that in the case of a single deck bus an emergency exit may be fitted in the roof of such bus in place of the emergency exit required on the left hand side.

4. The upper deck of a double deck bus shall have at least one emergency exit--

1. in the rear; or
2. on each side and in the roof, of such upper deck.

5. Each emergency exit shall have dimensions of at least 900 by 450 millimetres and shall be capable of being opened from inside and outside and shall not open inwards.
6. An emergency exit shall not be so positioned that the passengers have to pass through a goods compartment of a mini-bus or bus or via the stairs of a double decker bus to reach such emergency exit.
7. Escape hatches, knock-out windows or knock-out panels may be used as emergency exits and if a mini-bus or bus is operated for reward such hatches, windows or panels shall be marked with the words "emergency exit" and "nooduitgang" on the inside and outside in letters of at least 50 millimetres in height.
8. A door of the size and operating characteristics referred to in paragraph (e) may be used as an emergency exit.
9. No entrance for persons, other than the driver, shall be provided on the right hand side of the longitudinal centre-line of a mini-bus or bus operating for reward.

(2) In the case of a mini-bus or bus that has been converted from a goods vehicle, the requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (f), (g) and (h) of subregulation (1) shall be deemed to be satisfied if openings complying with the requirements of paragraph (e) of subregulation (1) are provided.

253. No person shall operate a mini-bus or bus on a public road, unless--

1. every entrance to or exit from the mini-bus or bus is fitted with a door or other effective barrier; and
2. such door or barrier is properly closed when the mini-bus or bus is in motion with persons thereon.

254. The stairs to the upper deck of a double-deck bus shall be provided with a hand rail on each side as well as a partition or screen at each side of the stairs of sufficient strength to prevent any person from slipping off the side of any step.

255. No person shall operate on a public road a bus, unless the passenger compartment of such bus has an unimpeded longitudinal passageway with a cross passageway from each entrance of the bus to the longitudinal passageway, which passageways are at least--

1. 300 millimetres wide from floor to seat level; and
2. 350 millimetres wide above seat level.

256. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a bus unless the driving seat of such bus is adjustable and has a partition immediately behind it and is so placed as to afford the driver ample space for controlling the bus.

(2) Subject to subregulation (3) no person shall operate a mini-bus or a bus on a public road unless a seat provided for a passenger in such mini-bus or bus has--

1. a backrest of which the--

1. top shall be at least 350 millimetres from seat level;
2. bottom shall be not more than 200 millimetres from seat level; and
3. the width, including the frame, shall be at least 340 millimetres

for every passenger for whom seating accommodation is provided on the seat;

2. a seat height from the floor or foot rest of such seat to seat level of at least 250 millimetres, except where a seat is positioned over a wheel arch where no limit shall apply;
3. a seat depth from the front of the seat to the front of the backrest of at least 340 millimetres;
4. a seat width referred to in regulation 233(2);
5. in the case where a seat faces a partition or similar obstruction, a horizontal distance between the front of the backrest of such seat at seat level to such partition or obstruction of at least 570 millimetres;
6. in the case where seats face each other, a horizontal distance between the fronts of the backrests of such seats at seat level of at least 1 200 millimetres; and
7. in the case where seats face in the same direction, a horizontal distance between the front of the backrest of any such seat, at seat level, and the back of the backrest of the seat in front, of at least 570 millimetres.

(3) Where in subregulation (2) a reference is made to a maximum or minimum dimension, a tolerance of 10 millimetres above any such maximum and below any such minimum shall be permissible.

(4) No seat in a bus shall face an entrance or have a side of such seat opposite an entrance, unless a rail or partition is provided between such seat and entrance: Provided that a rail may be fixed to the seat if the side of such seat faces an entrance.

(5) Every seat in a mini-bus or bus shall be securely fixed to such mini-bus or bus.

257. No person shall carry goods in a mini-bus or bus conveying persons for reward unless such goods--

1. are placed in a suitable goods compartment or containers;
2. are so placed that it does not constitute a danger to such persons; and
3. does not obstruct any entrance, exit or passageway of such mini-bus or bus.

258. (1) A mini-bus or bus operating for reward--

1. shall have a continuous row of windows on the left and right hand side of the passenger compartment and such windows, other than the windows of entrance and exit doors and the first and the last side window, shall each have a frame, in the case of--

1. a mini-bus, of not less than 345 millimetres by 450 millimetres; and
2. a bus of not less than 450 millimetres by 450 millimetres;

2. shall have an overall window area of not less than 25 per cent of the floor area of the passenger compartment;
3. shall have windows which can be opened to the same extent so that the total area of the open spaces shall be not less than five per cent of the floor area of the passenger compartment, other than in the case of a bus with a system of forced ventilation induced by mechanical means, whether such bus is stationary or in motion; and
4. may have other windows in addition to those referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c).

(2) At least every alternate window in each side of a mini-bus or a bus operating for reward, other than a bus having a system of forced ventilation induced by mechanical means, whether such bus is stationary or in motion, shall be capable of being opened.

(3) No window in a bus operating for reward shall be capable of being opened in such a manner that a person seated in a normal position is able to put his or her elbow out of the window.

(4) Every window-pane, windscreen and transparent partition of a mini-bus or bus operating for reward shall be maintained in a sound, unbroken and clear condition.

259. (1) A mini-bus or bus operating for reward--

1. shall have fuel tanks, fuel receptacles and fuel pipes which are free of leaks and which are not placed inside the body or steering cabin; and
2. shall have the filling orifice of a fuel tank placed outside the body or steering cabin.

(2) No main fuel tank shall be placed close to the engine of a bus operating for reward.

260. (1) Every mini-bus operating for reward shall carry in a readily accessible position at least one fire extinguisher which shall be of--

1. the dry powder type with a capacity of at least one kilogram; or
2. the halogenated hydrocarbon type (BCF) with a capacity of at least one kilogram,

and which shall be in good working order.

(2) Every bus operating for reward shall carry in a readily accessible position at least one fire extinguisher which shall be of--

1. the dry powder type with a capacity of at least two and a half kilograms; or
2. the halogenated hydrocarbon type (BCF) with a capacity of at least one kilogram,

and which shall be in good working order.

261. In addition to the rearview mirror prescribed for motor vehicles in regulation 204, every bus operating for reward shall be fitted with a rearview mirror which shall enable the driver of the bus, when he or she is in the driving position, to see a reflection of every entrance and exit of the bus.

262. (1) No person shall operate a double-deck bus on a public road unless such bus is capable of being tilted sideways to an angle of at least 23 degrees in either direction from the upright position without overturning while--

1. every seat on the upper deck of the bus carries a mass of 63 kilograms;
2. an additional mass of 63 kilograms is placed on the upper deck of the bus to represent a conductor;
3. the goods compartment on the upper deck of the bus, if any, is loaded to capacity;
4. except for a mass of 63 kilograms on the driving seat, the lower deck of the bus is empty; and
5. the bus is ready for the road, except for an empty fuel tank.

(2) For the purposes of issuing a certification of roadworthiness in respect of a double-deck bus, an examiner of vehicles may demand the production of a manufacturer's certificate or other like certificate which certifies that such bus complies with the provisions of subregulation (1).

263. (1) No person shall operate on a public road a bus in which a person is standing--

1. on any upper deck, steps, stairs or open platform;
2. in the cross passageway referred to in regulation 255; or
3. in any area with a roof height of less than one comma seven metres,

except when entering or leaving such bus.

(2) The maximum number of standing persons which may be carried in a bus shall be calculated in accordance with the formula--

in which formula--

1. "A" represents the total clear floor space in square metres of the bus;
2. "B" represents the total clear floor space in square metres of the areas referred to in subregulation (1); and
3. "C" represents the figure zero comma one-two-five being the clear floor space in square metres which shall be available for each standing person.

(3) A bus carrying standing persons shall be equipped with sufficient hand straps, handrails or grab handles for all standing persons.

(4) No person shall on a public road operate a mini-bus for reward in which a person is permitted to stand except if the provisions of subregulations (1), (2) and (3) which apply with the necessary changes, are complied with.

264. Notwithstanding the provisions of regulations 232, 233, 252, and 256, in the case of a school bus registered prior to 1 April 1991--

1. the number of persons permitted on any seat shall be determined at the rate of 330 millimetres per person, measured at the widest part of such seat with the doors closed: Provided that the provisions of regulation 231 shall not apply;
2. a seat shall--

1. have a backrest--

27. the top of which shall be at least 300 millimetres from seat level; and
54. the bottom of which shall be not more than 75 millimetres from seat level;

2. be of a height, from the floor or footrest of such seat to the seat level, of at least 300 millimetres and not more than 460 millimetres;
3. have a depth, from the front of the seat to the front of the backrest thereof, of at least 300 millimetres;
4. have a width in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (a);
5. where such seat faces in the same direction as another seat, have a horizontal distance at seat level, between the front of the backrest of such seat and the back of the backrest of the seat in front of the first mentioned seat, of at least 530 millimetres;
6. where such seat faces a partition or similar obstruction, have a horizontal distance at seat level, between the front of the backrest of such seat and such partition or obstruction, of at least 530 millimetres; and
7. where such seat faces another seat, have a horizontal distance at seat level, between the front of the backrest of such seat, of at least one comma zero six metres; and

3. for the purpose of determining the number of persons who may be carried on such bus, the mass of a person together with his or her personal effects shall be taken as 45 kilograms.

Contents Page

Chapter 7