DRAFT BILL ON COMMISSION FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS AND LINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES

BILL

To give effect to the establishment in terms of section 181 of the Constitution of the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities; to regulate the functioning of the Commission; to provide for an annual national consultative conference on the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities; to provide for the establishment and recognition of cultural and other councils; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

PREAMBLE

WHEREAS the South African nation consists of a diversity of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;

AND WHEREAS past policies have bequeathed a legacy of division and inequality between these communities and the people who belong to them;

AND WHEREAS our Constitution endeavours -

• To heal these divisions of the past;
• To establish a non-racial and non-sexist society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights;
• To promote equality; and
• To achieve unity in our diversity;

AND WHEREAS our Constitution has created a range of institutional mechanisms to secure the stability of the democratic order, including a Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities;

AND WHEREAS the Commission’s main constitutional task is to promote respect for the rights and interests of the various cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa and to promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance and national unity among these communities on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association;

AND WHEREAS the Commission in fulfilling its constitutional task should play a key role in assisting with the building of a truly united South African nation bound by a common loyalty to our country and all our people;

BE IT THEREFORE ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:-

Part 1
Interpretation and administration of this Act

Definitions

1. In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates –

"Commission" means the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities referred to in section 3;

"constitutional institution" means an institution listed in Schedule 1 to the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act 1 of 1999);

"Minister" means the Cabinet member designated in terms of section 2 to be responsible for the administration of this Act;

"national consultative conference" means an annual national consultative conference convened in terms of section 24;

"organ of state" means –

1. a national or provincial department as defined in section 1 of the Public Finance Management Act, 1999;
2. a national or provincial public entity as defined in section 1 of the Public Finance Management Act, 1999;
3. a municipality;
4. a municipal entity as defined in section 1 of the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act, 2000 (Act … of 2000); or
5. the national or a provincial house of traditional leaders;

"prescribe" means prescribe by regulation in terms of section 40;

"this Act" includes any regulations made in terms of section 40.

Administration of this Act

2. This Act is administered by a member of the Cabinet designated by the President.

Part 2
Status and primary objects of Commission

Status

3. The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities established by section 181 (1) (c) of the Constitution –

1. is a juristic person, independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law, including this Act; and
2. must be impartial and must exercise its powers and perform its functions without fear, favour or prejudice.

Primary objects

4. (1) The primary objects of the Commission are –

1. to promote respect for the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;
2. to promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities, on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association; and
3. to recommend the establishment or recognition of cultural or other councils for a community or communities in South Africa.

(2) The Commission must strive to achieve its objects in accordance with –

1. the provisions of this Act;
2. any guidelines issued by the Minister after consultation with the Commission; and
3. any mandates given to it by a national consultative conference.

Part 3
Composition and Membership of Commission

Composition

5. (1) The Commission consists of –

1. a Chairperson appointed by the President in terms of section 8; and
2. no fewer than 11 and no more than 17 other members appointed by the President in accordance with the procedure set out in section 7.

(2) The President –

1. must determine the number of members to be appointed to the Commission in terms of subsection (1) (b); and
2. may alter from time to time the number determined in terms of paragraph (a), but a reduction in the number may be effected only when members must be appointed for a new term of the Commission.

(3) The composition of the Commission must –

1. be broadly representative of the main cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa; and
2. broadly reflect the gender composition of South Africa.

Qualification for membership

6. (1) A member of the Commission must be –

1. a South African citizen;
2. actively involved in the cultural, religious or linguistic activities of a community; and
3. a fit and proper person to hold office as a member of the Commission.

(2) The following persons are disqualified from becoming or remaining a member of the Commission:

1. a person who on any of the grounds set out in section 47 (1) (c), (d) or (e) of the Constitution is not eligible to be a member of the National Assembly;
2. a person who has been removed from office in terms of section 13; or
3. a person who during the preceding five years has advocated hatred based on race, ethnicity, gender or religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm.

Appointment procedure

7. (1) Whenever it is necessary to appoint the section 5 (1) (b) members of the Commission, the Minister must –

1. through advertisements in the media circulating nationally and in each of the provinces, invite organisations within cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa whose main aim is the promotion or protection of the cultural, religious and linguistic aspirations of their respective communities, to nominate persons complying with section 6, for appointment to the Commission;
2. compile a list of the names of persons nominated in respect of each of the various cultural, religious and linguistic communities, setting out the prescribed particulars of each individual nominee; and
3. submit the list to the President.

(2) Any nomination made pursuant to an advertisement in terms of subsection (1) (a) must be supported by –

1. the personal details of the nominee;
2. particulars of the nominee’s involvement in cultural, religious and linguistic affairs, including a list of the cultural, religious and linguistic organisations of which that nominee is a member, office-bearer or active participant; and
3. any other information that may be prescribed.

(3) When selecting persons from the list to be appointed as members of the Commission, the President must comply with section 5 (3).

Chairperson

8. (1) The President must appoint from outside the ranks of the section 5 (1) (b) members a person complying with section 6 as the Chairperson of the Commission.

(2) The person appointed as the Chairperson of the Commission must be a fit and proper person to hold office as Chairperson.

(3) The Minister may appoint any person, including a member of the Commission, as acting Chairperson if –

1. the Chairperson of the Commission is absent for a substantial period; or
2. the appointment of a Chairperson is pending.

Term of Commission

9. (1) The term of the Commission is five years.

(2) The Chairperson and the members of the Commission are appointed for a term of the Commission, provided that if the number of section 5 (1) (b) members is increased during a term, the additional member or members are appointed for the remaining part of the current term.

(3) A member of the Commission may not serve as a member for more than two terms.

Conditions of appointment

10. (1) The Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance, determines the conditions of appointment of the Chairperson and the other members of the Commission, taking into account the conditions of appointment of members of other constitutional institutions.

(2) The members of the Commission must be appointed part-time, but the Chairperson may be appointed full-time.

Conduct of members

11. (1) A member of the Commission –

1. must perform the functions of office –

1. in the spirit of furthering peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities, on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association;
2. in good faith; and
3. without fear, favour or prejudice;

2. must disclose to the Commission any personal or private business interest that that member or any spouse, partner or close family member may have in any matter before the Commission, and must withdraw from the proceedings of the Commission when that matter is considered, unless the Commission decides that the member’s interest in the matter is trivial or irrelevant;
3. may not use the position or privileges of a member for private gain or to improperly benefit another person; or
4. may not act in any other way that compromises the credibility, impartiality, independence or integrity of the Commission.

(2) A member of the Commission who contravenes or fails to comply with subsection (1) is guilty of misconduct.

Termination of membership

12. (1) A person ceases to be a member of the Commission when that person –

1. is no longer eligible in terms of section 6 to be a member;
2. resigns; or
3. is removed from office in terms of section 13.

(2) A member may resign by giving at least three month’s written notice to the Minister, but the Minister may accept a shorter period in a specific case.

(3) A member is regarded as having resigned if that member –

1. accepts nomination for the National Assembly, the National Council of Provinces, a provincial legislature or a municipal council;
2. is appointed as an office bearer of a political party; or
3. is an office bearer of a political party, a member of the National Assembly, a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces, a member of a provincial legislature or a member of a municipal council and fails to resign from such office within 30 days of having been appointed as a member of the Board.

Removal from office

13. (1) A member of the Commission may be removed from office, but only on –

1. the ground of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence;
2. a finding to that effect by a committee of the National Assembly; and
3. the adoption by the Assembly, in accordance with section 194 (2) (b) of the Constitution, of a resolution calling for that person’s removal from office.

(2) The President –

1. may suspend a member of the Commission from office at any time after the start of the proceedings of a committee of the National Assembly for the removal of that member; and
2. must remove the member from office upon adoption by the Assembly of the resolution calling for that member’s removal.

Filling of vacancies

14. (1) A vacancy in the Commission is filled –

1. in the case of the Chairperson, by appointing another person in terms of section 8 as the Chairperson of the Commission; and
2. in the case of a section 5 (1) (b) member by following the procedure set out in section 7.

(2) A person appointed to fill a vacancy holds office for the unexpired portion of the vacating member’s term.

Part 4
Operating procedures of Commission

Meetings

15. (1) The Chairperson of the Commission decides when and where the Commission meets, but a majority of the members may request the Chairperson in writing to convene a meeting of the Commission at a time and place set out in the request.

(2) The Chairperson presides at meetings of the Commission, but if the Chairperson is absent from a meeting, the members present must elect another member to preside at the meeting.

Procedures

16. The Commission may determine its own procedures.

Decisions

17. A question before the Commission is decided with a supporting vote of at least the majority of the members.

Committees

18. (1) The Commission may -

1. establish one or more committees to assist the Commission in the performance of its function or the exercise of any of its powers; and
2. dissolve a committee at any time.

(2) The Commission –

1. must determine the function of a committee;
2. must appoint the chairperson and other members of a committee from amongst its members and staff;
3. may remove a member of a committee at any time; and
4. may determine a committee’s procedure.

Delegation of powers and duties

19. (1) When necessary for the proper performance of its functions, the Commission may –

1. delegate any of the Commission’s powers to –

1. a member of the Commission;
2. a staff member of the Commission; or
3. a committee of the Commission; and

2. instruct any such member, staff member or committee to perform any of the Commission’s duties.

(2) A delegation or instruction in terms of subsection (1) –

1. is subject to any conditions and directions the Commission may impose; and
2. does not divest the Commission of the responsibility concerning the exercise of the power or the performance of the duty.

(3) The Commission may confirm, vary or revoke any decision taken by a member, staff member or committee of the Commission in consequence of a delegation or instruction, provided that no such variation or revocation of a decision may detract from any rights that may have accrued as a result of the decision.

Administrative assistance to Commission

20. (1) The Commission may conclude an agreement with an organ of state for the provision of administrative or secretarial assistance to the Commission.

(2) Before the Commission determines or extends its staff establishment in terms of section 21 (c), it must first establish the extent to which administrative and secretarial assistance could be provided to the Commission under an agreement in terms of subsection (1).

Part 5
Functions and powers of Commission

General

21. The Commission must subject to the other provisions of this Act do all that is necessary or expedient to achieve its primary objects listed in section 4 (1), and may for this purpose –

1. when it so decides or when a request is made to it by a national consultative conference –

1. monitor, investigate, research, educate, lobby, advise and report on any issue concerning the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;
2. facilitate the resolution of conflicts or friction between cultural, religious and linguistic communities or between any such community and an organ of state; and
3. receive and deal with complaints and requests by a cultural, religious or linguistic community;

2. make recommendations to a national consultative conference on draft resolutions before the conference on requests to and priorities for the Commission;
3. determine its own staff establishment and the terms and conditions of employment for its staff within a policy framework determined by the Minister;
4. appoint employees and seconded personnel to posts on its staff establishment;
5. obtain the services of any person by agreement, including any national or provincial department or functionary, or any institution, to perform any specific task or function;
6. acquire or dispose of any right in or to property, but ownership in immovable property may be acquired or disposed of only with the consent of the Minister;
7. open and operate its own bank accounts, subject to the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act 1 of 1999);
8. insure itself against any loss, damage, risk or liability;
9. perform legal acts, or institute or defend any legal action in its own name;
10. engage in any lawful activity, whether alone or together with any other organisation in the Republic or elsewhere, aimed at promoting its objects, including the exchange of information with foreign institutions performing similar functions to those of the Commission; and
11. do anything that is incidental to the exercise of any of its powers.

Assistance from other constitutional institutions and organs of state

22. (1) The Commission may –

1. conclude an agreement with another constitutional institution or an organ of state to assist the Commission in the performance of its functions and the exercise of its powers; and
2. delegate to a constitutional institution or organ of state with which it has concluded an agreement, any of its powers that may be necessary for the rendering of the agreed assistance.

(2) The Commission must co-operate with other constitutional institutions and organs of state where the functions of the Commission overlap with those of such other constitutional institutions or organs of state.

(3) The Commission may in terms of section 185 (3) of the Constitution report any matter which falls within its functions and powers to the South African Human Rights Commission for investigation, whether or not the Commission has concluded an agreement with the Human Rights Commission.

Investigations by Commission

23. (1) The Commission may conduct an investigation in terms of section 21 (a) itself or designate one or more Commission members or other persons as an investigating committee to conduct the investigation on its behalf.

(2) For the purposes of its investigation, the Commission or an investigating committee may –

1. by written notice summon a person to appear before the Commission or the committee –

1. to give evidence; or
2. to produce a document available to that person and specified in the summons;

2. call a person present at a Commission or committee meeting, whether summoned or not -

1. to give evidence before the Commission or committee; or
2. to produce a document in that person’s custody at the meeting ;

3. administer an oath or solemn affirmation to that person;
4. question that person or have such a person questioned by a person designated by the Commission or committee; and
5. retain for a reasonable period a document produced in terms of paragraph (b) (ii).

(3) If an investigating committee has been appointed to conduct an investigation on behalf of the Commission, the committee, on completion of the investigation, must report and make recommendations to the Commission.

Part 6
Annual national consultative conference

Convening

24. (1) The Commission must annually convene a national consultative conference.

(2) The cost of such national consultative conference must be borne by the Commission.

Purpose

25. The purpose of an annual national consultative conference is to provide a forum for –

1. the consideration of –

1. a report by the Commission on its activities, accomplishments and difficulties; and
2. any recommendations of the Commission;

2. the evaluation of progress in South Africa with –

1. the promotion of respect for the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities; and
2. the furthering of peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities, on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association;

3. the discussion of draft resolutions before the conference concerning requests to and priorities for the Commission and the formulation of the terms of reference of such requests;
4. the formulation of requests and recommendations to Parliament, the national executive, a provincial legislature or executive or a municipality concerning matters mentioned in subparagraphs (i) or (ii) of paragraph (b); and
5. the recognition for the purposes of this Act of cultural or other councils recommended by the Commission in terms of section 36.

Composition

26. (1) A national consultative conference is composed of –

1. delegates from the national government designated by the Minister;
2. delegates from each provincial government designated by the Premier of the province;
3. delegates designated by organised local government;
4. members of the Commission;
5. delegates from cultural, religious and linguistic communities invited by the Commission to represent those communities; and
6. any other persons invited by the Commission.

(2) The Minister may determine the maximum number of delegates that may be designated or invited in terms of subsection (1) (b), (c), (e) and (f).

(3) The number of delegates designated in terms of subsection (2) (a), (b) and (c) may not exceed one-third of the maximum number of delegates that may be designated or invited in terms of subsection (1) (e) and (f) plus the Commission members.

Procedures

27. The Commission determines –

1. the agenda of a national consultative conference; and
2. the procedures to be followed at a national consultative conference, provided that the person presiding at a session may give rulings on matters that arise during the session.

Chairperson

28. The Chairperson of the Commission or another Commission member designated by the Chairperson presides at sessions of a national consultative conference.

Resolutions

29. (1) A draft resolution before the national consultative conference is adopted by the conference if the person presiding, after a show of hands by the delegates present, is of the view that there is general support for the draft resolution.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) Commission members are regarded as delegates.

Part 7
Administrative and financial matters

Appointment of Manager

30. (1) The Commission must appoint a person as the manager of the Commission.

(2) The person appointed as the manager holds office –

1. for an agreed term not exceeding five years, but which is renewable; and
2. subject to the terms and conditions applicable to employees.

Responsibilities of manager

31. (1) The manager is the chief executive officer and also the accounting officer of the Commission.

(2) As chief executive officer of the Commission, the manager is responsible for –

1. the formation and development of an efficient administration;
2. the organisation, control and management of all staff, including persons seconded to the Commission from any other organ of state;
3. the maintenance of discipline; and
4. the carrying out of the decisions of the Commission.

(3) As accounting officer of the Commission the manager is responsible for –

1. all income and expenditure of the Commission;
2. all assets and the discharge of all liabilities of the Commission; and
3. proper and diligent compliance with the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act No. 1 of 1999). .

Conditions of employment of employees

32. (1) An employee of the Commission is employed subject to the terms and conditions of employment determined by the Commission.

(2) The terms and conditions must comply with the basic values and principles set out in section 195 of the Constitution.

(3) Persons in the public service or other state institutions seconded to the Commission, perform their functions under the control and directions of the manager of the Commission.

Pension rights

33. (1) A person appointed as an employee of the Commission may become a member of the Government Employees’ Pension Fund mentioned in section 2 of the Government Employees’ Pension Law, 1996 (Proclamation 21 of 1996).

(2) An employee of the Commission who becomes a member of that pension fund, is entitled to pension and retirement benefits as if that person is an official in the public service.

Funding

34. (1) The Commission is entitled to money appropriated annually by Parliament to enable it to perform its function effectively.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) the Commission -

1. must submit to the Minister during each financial year, but before a date set by the Minister, estimates of the Commission’s income and expenditure for the next financial year; and
2. may submit to the Minister at any time during a financial year estimates of the Commission’s income and expenditure supplementary to those mentioned in paragraph (a).

(3) When submitting the estimates the Commission must disclose full particulars of any income that has accrued, or is expected to accrue, to the Commission from a source other than an appropriation by Parliament.

(4) The Commission must refund to the National Revenue Fund any money paid the Commission in terms of subsection (1) that has not been used at the end of a financial year, unless otherwise agreed with the Minister of Finance.

Audit

35. The Auditor-General must audit the accounts and financial records of the Commission.

Part 8
Cultural or other councils

Note: The HSRC is presently conducting research into the whole question of cultural councils in view of comments received. Part 8 of the Bill will be amended once the input from the HSRC is received.

Establishment of cultural or other councils

36. The Commission may recommend to a cultural community that that community initiates and establishes a cultural or other council for that cultural community if the Commission is of the opinion that such a council would be conducive to peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among the different cultural communities in South Africa.

Recognition of cultural or other councils

37. (1) The Commission may recommend to a national consultative conference that the conference recognises, for the purposes of this Act, a cultural or other council established by a cultural community.

(2) Before the Commission makes a recommendation to a national consultative conference, the Commission must ensure that the founding document establishing the cultural or other council conforms with the provisions of this Act.

Status, composition, functions and funding of cultural or other councils

38. (1) A cultural or other council recognised in terms of section 37 –

1. is a juristic person;
2. must consist of a number of members not exceeding a prescribed maximum;
3. must be composed of members elected or designated in accordance with a prescribed procedure;
4. must have functions which accord with functions prescribed for such councils;
5. must be funded primarily by the cultural community for which it is established; and
6. must comply with any prescribed norms and standards relating to financial management and control.

(2) Subsection (1) (e) does not prevent national, provincial or municipal contributions appropriated by a relevant legislature to a cultural or other council.

Part 9
Miscellaneous matters

Legal proceedings against Commission

39. (1) The State Liability Act, 1957 (Act No. 20 of 1957), applies, with the necessary changes, in respect of the Commission, and in such application a reference in that Act to the Minister of the department concerned must be construed as a reference to the Chairperson of the Commission.

(2) No person, including the Commission, is liable for anything done or omitted in good faith when performing a duty or exercising a power in terms of this Act.

Regulations

40. The Minister may make regulations prescribing –

1. any matter that may be prescribed in terms of this Act; and
2. procedures not inconsistent with this Act or any other Act of Parliament to facilitate the performance by the Commission of its functions.

Offences and penalties

41. (1) A person commits an offence if that person –

1. wilfully disrupts the proceedings of the Commission, or a committee of the Commission, or a session of a national consultative conference;
2. wilfully hinders, obstructs or threatens members of the Commission or of a committee of the Commission, or delegates to a national consultative conference, in the exercise of their powers or the performance of their duties in terms of this Act;
3. does anything calculated to improperly influence the Commission or a committee of the Commission in its consideration of a matter;
4. after having been summoned in terms of section 23 (1) (a) fails –

1. to be present at a meeting of the Commission or an investigating committee at the time and place specified in the summons; or
2. to remain present until excused by the Commission or committee; or

5. after having been called in terms of section 23 (1) (b) refuses –

1. to appear before the Commission or the committee;
2. to answer any question; or
3. to produce a document specified in the summons or in that person’s custody at the meeting; or

(2) A person convicted of an offence in terms of subsection (1) is liable to a fine or to imprisonment not exceeding one year or to both a fine and imprisonment.

Short title and commencement

42. This Act is called the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities Act, 2000, and takes effect on a date determined by the President by proclamation.

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

The Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities Bill, 2000, gives effect to the provisions of sections 181, 185 and 186 of the Constitution which established, as one of the institutions strengthening constitutional democracy, a Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. The Commission’s main constitutional task is to promote respect for the rights and interests of the various cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa and to promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance and national unity among these communities on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association.

The aim of the Bill is therefore to regulate the composition, powers and functions and functioning of the Commission in accordance with its main constitutional task. In terms of the Bill, the Commission must:

1. promote respect for the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;
2. promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association; and
3. recommend the establishment or recognition of cultural or other councils for a community or communities in South Africa.

To achieve these goals the Commission will have the following general powers:

1. to monitor, investigate, research, educate, lobby, advise and report on any issue concerning the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;
2. to facilitate the resolution of conflicts or friction between cultural, religious and linguistic communities or between any such community and an organ of state;
3. receive and deal with complaints and requests by a cultural, religious or linguistic community; and
4. annually to convene a national consultative conference consisting of delegates from the various cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa and governmental and non–governmental role players.

The purpose of the annual national consultative conference will mainly be to provide a forum for the discussion of matters concerning the performance of the Commission and the evaluation of progress in South Africa with the furthering of peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities.

It is proposed that the Commission be composed of a chairperson and no fewer than 11 and no more than 17 other members appointed by the President in accordance with a procedure set out in the Bill and in such a way that the Commission is broadly representative of the main cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa and broadly reflects the gender composition of South Africa.

Members of the Commission must be South African citizens, actively involved in the cultural, religious or linguistic activities of a community and otherwise be fit and proper persons. The chairperson, however, must be a neutral person. Persons active in politics are disqualified.

To avoid overlap with the functions of other constitutional institutions, the Bill proposes ways for integrated co-operation between these institutions.

The Bill has been drafted after a comprehensive consultation process entailing the following:

• Political debates in Parliament an in the Provincial Legislatures,
• Public hearings in the Provinces;
• Submissions to Government, and;
• A number of National Consultative Conferences.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS/BODIES CONSULTED

In the process of drafting the Bill the following organisations and forums have been consulted:

• The Presidency;
• The Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology;
• The South African Human Rights Commission;
• The Commission on Gender Equality;
• The Pan South African Language Board;
• Houses of Traditional Leaders;
• Khoisan National Forum;
• Provincial Legislatures; and
• Office of the Public Protector.