The Minister of Labour published the Draft Code of Good Practice on equal pay for work of equal value (“Draft Code”) on the 29th of September 2014. The Draft Code is available for public comment until the 31st of October 2014. The purpose of the Draft Code is to provide employers with practical guidance on how to comply with Section 6(4) of the Employment Equity Amendment Act 47 of 2013 (“EEA”). The latter provision makes the differential treatment of employees performing the same or substantially the same work or work of equal value that is either directly or indirectly based on any of the grounds listed in Section 6(1) of the EEA, a form of unfair discrimination.
The Draft Code provides three steps to determine compliance with Section 6(4). The first step requires a determination ofwhether the jobs being compared are the same, substantially the same or of equal value in terms of an objective assessment. In this regard, the Draft Code emphasises the importance of ensuring that in determining the value of jobs, employers utilise objective assessment criteria and that whatever classification system is used does not have the effect of discriminating unfairly on the grounds listed in Section 6(1) of the EEA.
In particular, the Draft Code warns of the role gender stereotypes have played in the valuation of male dominated and female dominated jobs. The example given is the undervaluing of care-giving or cleaning jobs due to the erroneous and gender-biased assumption that these jobs do not require any skill, learning or training but are rather skills that come naturally to women.
Three factors should constitute the basic valuation assessment criteria: the responsibility demanded by the work, the skills and qualifications required for the work, and the physical, mental and emotional effort required to perform the work.
The second step requires a determination of whether there are any differences in terms and conditions of employment, including remuneration of the employees in the jobs that are being compared. This entails identification and evaluation of the differences in terms and conditions between the jobs of equal value. In evaluating the difference in remuneration, the Draft Code provides that the employer can use the average or the median earning of the employees in the jobs being compared or any other fair and rational method.
The final step requires the employer to determine whether the differences identified are justifiable on fair and rational grounds. Differences are justifiable if they are based on any of the following grounds:
- the individual’s seniority or length of service;
- the individual’s qualifications, ability or competence;
- the individual’s performance or quality of work;
- whether the employee has been demoted for any legitimate reason but draws a salary still fixed at a higher level than employees in his/her new job category until their remuneration reaches that level;
- where an individual is temporarily in a position for the purpose of gaining experience or training;
- a difference in terms and conditions due to the existence of a shortage of relevant skill in a particular job classification.
The Draft Code recommends that the above process be done on an annual basis to ensure that any differentiation that is not justified on the grounds listed above be redressed.
Written by Jacques van Wyk, Director and Andre Van Heerden, Associate, Werksmans Attorneys